MSXCPUInterface.cc

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#include "MSXCPUInterface.hh"
 
#include "BooleanSetting.hh"
#include "CartridgeSlotManager.hh"
#include "CommandException.hh"
#include "DeviceFactory.hh"
#include "DummyDevice.hh"
#include "Event.hh"
#include "EventDistributor.hh"
#include "GlobalSettings.hh"
#include "HardwareConfig.hh"
#include "Interpreter.hh"
#include "MSXCPU.hh"
#include "MSXCliComm.hh"
#include "MSXException.hh"
#include "MSXMotherBoard.hh"
#include "MSXMultiIODevice.hh"
#include "MSXMultiMemDevice.hh"
#include "MSXWatchIODevice.hh"
#include "Reactor.hh"
#include "ReadOnlySetting.hh"
#include "RealTime.hh"
#include "Scheduler.hh"
#include "StateChangeDistributor.hh"
#include "TclObject.hh"
#include "VDPIODelay.hh"
#include "serialize.hh"
 
#include "checked_cast.hh"
#include "narrow.hh"
#include "outer.hh"
#include "ranges.hh"
#include "stl.hh"
#include "unreachable.hh"
#include "xrange.hh"
 
#include <array>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <memory>
#include <optional>
 
namespace openmsx {
 
static std::optional<ReadOnlySetting> breakedSetting;
static unsigned breakedSettingCount = 0;
 
 
// Bitfields used in the disallowReadCache and disallowWriteCache arrays
static constexpr byte SECONDARY_SLOT_BIT = 0x01;
static constexpr byte MEMORY_WATCH_BIT   = 0x02;
static constexpr byte GLOBAL_RW_BIT      = 0x04;
 
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, EnumTypeName<CacheLineCounters>)
{
        return os << "CacheLineCounters";
}
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, EnumValueName<CacheLineCounters> evn)
{
        std::array<std::string_view, size_t(CacheLineCounters::NUM)> names = {
                "NonCachedRead",
                "NonCachedWrite",
                "GetReadCacheLine",
                "GetWriteCacheLine",
                "SlowRead",
                "SlowWrite",
                "DisallowCacheRead",
                "DisallowCacheWrite",
                "InvalidateAllSlots",
                "InvalidateReadWrite",
                "InvalidateRead",
                "InvalidateWrite",
                "FillReadWrite",
                "FillRead",
                "FillWrite",
        };
        return os << names[size_t(evn.e)];
}
 
MSXCPUInterface::MSXCPUInterface(MSXMotherBoard& motherBoard_)
        : memoryDebug       (motherBoard_)
        , slottedMemoryDebug(motherBoard_)
        , ioDebug           (motherBoard_)
        , slotInfo(motherBoard_.getMachineInfoCommand())
        , subSlottedInfo(motherBoard_.getMachineInfoCommand())
        , externalSlotInfo(motherBoard_.getMachineInfoCommand())
        , inputPortInfo (motherBoard_.getMachineInfoCommand())
        , outputPortInfo(motherBoard_.getMachineInfoCommand())
        , dummyDevice(DeviceFactory::createDummyDevice(
                *motherBoard_.getMachineConfig()))
        , msxcpu(motherBoard_.getCPU())
        , cliComm(motherBoard_.getMSXCliComm())
        , motherBoard(motherBoard_)
        , pauseSetting(motherBoard.getReactor().getGlobalSettings().getPauseSetting())
{
        ranges::fill(primarySlotState, 0);
        ranges::fill(secondarySlotState, 0);
        ranges::fill(expanded, 0);
        ranges::fill(subSlotRegister, 0);
        ranges::fill(IO_In,  dummyDevice.get());
        ranges::fill(IO_Out, dummyDevice.get());
        ranges::fill(visibleDevices, dummyDevice.get());
        for (auto& sub1 : slotLayout) {
                for (auto& sub2 : sub1) {
                        ranges::fill(sub2, dummyDevice.get());
                }
        }
 
        // initially allow all regions to be cached
        ranges::fill(disallowReadCache,  0);
        ranges::fill(disallowWriteCache, 0);
 
        initialPrimarySlots = motherBoard.getMachineConfig()->parseSlotMap();
        // Note: SlotState is initialised at reset
 
        msxcpu.setInterface(this);
 
        if (motherBoard.isTurboR()) {
                // TODO also MSX2+ needs (slightly different) VDPIODelay
                delayDevice = DeviceFactory::createVDPIODelay(
                        *motherBoard.getMachineConfig(), *this);
                for (auto port : xrange(0x98, 0x9c)) {
                        assert(IO_In [port] == dummyDevice.get());
                        assert(IO_Out[port] == dummyDevice.get());
                        IO_In [port] = delayDevice.get();
                        IO_Out[port] = delayDevice.get();
                }
        }
 
        if (breakedSettingCount++ == 0) {
                assert(!breakedSetting);
                breakedSetting.emplace(
                        motherBoard.getReactor().getCommandController(),
                        "breaked", "Similar to 'debug breaked'",
                        TclObject("false"));
        }
        reset();
}
 
MSXCPUInterface::~MSXCPUInterface()
{
        if (--breakedSettingCount == 0) {
                assert(breakedSetting);
                breakedSetting.reset();
        }
 
        removeAllWatchPoints();
 
        if (delayDevice) {
                for (auto port : xrange(0x98, 0x9c)) {
                        assert(IO_In [port] == delayDevice.get());
                        assert(IO_Out[port] == delayDevice.get());
                        IO_In [port] = dummyDevice.get();
                        IO_Out[port] = dummyDevice.get();
                }
        }
 
        msxcpu.setInterface(nullptr);
 
        #ifndef NDEBUG
        for (auto port : xrange(256)) {
                if (IO_In[port] != dummyDevice.get()) {
                        std::cout << "In-port " << port << " still registered "
                                  << IO_In[port]->getName() << '\n';
                        assert(false);
                }
                if (IO_Out[port] != dummyDevice.get()) {
                        std::cout << "Out-port " << port << " still registered "
                                  << IO_Out[port]->getName() << '\n';
                        assert(false);
                }
        }
        for (auto primSlot : xrange(4)) {
                assert(!isExpanded(primSlot));
                for (auto secSlot : xrange(4)) {
                        for (auto page : xrange(4)) {
                                assert(slotLayout[primSlot][secSlot][page] == dummyDevice.get());
                        }
                }
        }
        #endif
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::removeAllWatchPoints()
{
        while (!watchPoints.empty()) {
                removeWatchPoint(watchPoints.back());
        }
}
 
byte MSXCPUInterface::readMemSlow(word address, EmuTime::param time)
{
        tick(CacheLineCounters::DisallowCacheRead);
        // something special in this region?
        if (disallowReadCache[address >> CacheLine::BITS]) [[unlikely]] {
                // slot-select-ignore reads (e.g. used in 'Carnivore2')
                for (auto& g : globalReads) {
                        // very primitive address selection mechanism,
                        // but more than enough for now
                        if (g.addr == address) [[unlikely]] {
                                g.device->globalRead(address, time);
                        }
                }
                // execute read watches before actual read
                if (readWatchSet[address >> CacheLine::BITS]
                                [address &  CacheLine::LOW]) {
                        executeMemWatch(WatchPoint::Type::READ_MEM, address);
                }
        }
        if ((address == 0xFFFF) && isExpanded(primarySlotState[3])) [[unlikely]] {
                return 0xFF ^ subSlotRegister[primarySlotState[3]];
        } else {
                return visibleDevices[address >> 14]->readMem(address, time);
        }
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::writeMemSlow(word address, byte value, EmuTime::param time)
{
        tick(CacheLineCounters::DisallowCacheWrite);
        if ((address == 0xFFFF) && isExpanded(primarySlotState[3])) [[unlikely]] {
                setSubSlot(primarySlotState[3], value);
                // Confirmed on turboR GT machine: write does _not_ also go to
                // the underlying (hidden) device. But it's theoretically
                // possible other slot-expanders behave different.
        } else {
                visibleDevices[address>>14]->writeMem(address, value, time);
        }
        // something special in this region?
        if (disallowWriteCache[address >> CacheLine::BITS]) [[unlikely]] {
                // slot-select-ignore writes (Super Lode Runner)
                for (auto& g : globalWrites) {
                        // very primitive address selection mechanism,
                        // but more than enough for now
                        if (g.addr == address) [[unlikely]] {
                                g.device->globalWrite(address, value, time);
                        }
                }
                // Execute write watches after actual write.
                //
                // But first advance time for the tiniest amount, this makes
                // sure that later on a possible replay we also replay recorded
                // commands after the actual memory write (e.g. this matters
                // when that command is also a memory write)
                motherBoard.getScheduler().schedule(time + EmuDuration::epsilon());
                if (writeWatchSet[address >> CacheLine::BITS]
                                 [address &  CacheLine::LOW]) {
                        executeMemWatch(WatchPoint::Type::WRITE_MEM, address, value);
                }
        }
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::setExpanded(int ps)
{
        if (expanded[ps] == 0) {
                for (auto page : xrange(4)) {
                        if (slotLayout[ps][0][page] != dummyDevice.get()) {
                                throw MSXException("Can't expand slot because "
                                                   "it's already in use.");
                        }
                }
        }
        expanded[ps]++;
        changeExpanded(isExpanded(primarySlotState[3]));
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::testUnsetExpanded(
                int ps,
                std::span<const std::unique_ptr<MSXDevice>> allowed) const
{
        assert(isExpanded(ps));
        if (expanded[ps] != 1) return; // ok, still expanded after this
 
        std::vector<MSXDevice*> inUse;
 
        auto isAllowed = [&](MSXDevice* dev) {
                return (dev == dummyDevice.get()) ||
                       contains(allowed, dev, [](const auto& d) { return d.get(); });
        };
        auto check = [&](MSXDevice* dev) {
                if (!isAllowed(dev)) {
                        if (!contains(inUse, dev)) { // filter duplicates
                                inUse.push_back(dev);
                        }
                }
        };
 
        for (auto ss : xrange(4)) {
                for (auto page : xrange(4)) {
                        MSXDevice* device = slotLayout[ps][ss][page];
                        if (auto* memDev = dynamic_cast<MSXMultiMemDevice*>(device)) {
                                for (auto* dev : memDev->getDevices()) {
                                        check(dev);
                                }
                        } else {
                                check(device);
                        }
 
                }
        }
        if (inUse.empty()) return; // ok, no more devices in use
 
        auto msg = strCat("Can't remove slot expander from slot ", ps,
                          " because the following devices are still inserted:");
        for (auto& d : inUse) {
                strAppend(msg, ' ', d->getName());
        }
        strAppend(msg, '.');
        throw MSXException(std::move(msg));
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::unsetExpanded(int ps)
{
#ifndef NDEBUG
        try {
                std::span<const std::unique_ptr<MSXDevice>> dummy;
                testUnsetExpanded(ps, dummy);
        } catch (...) {
                UNREACHABLE;
        }
#endif
        expanded[ps]--;
        changeExpanded(isExpanded(primarySlotState[3]));
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::changeExpanded(bool newExpanded)
{
        if (newExpanded) {
                disallowReadCache [0xFF] |=  SECONDARY_SLOT_BIT;
                disallowWriteCache[0xFF] |=  SECONDARY_SLOT_BIT;
        } else {
                disallowReadCache [0xFF] &= ~SECONDARY_SLOT_BIT;
                disallowWriteCache[0xFF] &= ~SECONDARY_SLOT_BIT;
        }
        msxcpu.invalidateAllSlotsRWCache(0xFFFF & CacheLine::HIGH, 0x100);
}
 
MSXDevice*& MSXCPUInterface::getDevicePtr(byte port, bool isIn)
{
        MSXDevice** devicePtr = isIn ? &IO_In[port] : &IO_Out[port];
        while (auto* watch = dynamic_cast<MSXWatchIODevice*>(*devicePtr)) {
                devicePtr = &watch->getDevicePtr();
        }
        if (*devicePtr == delayDevice.get()) {
                devicePtr = isIn ? &delayDevice->getInDevicePtr (port)
                                 : &delayDevice->getOutDevicePtr(port);
        }
        return *devicePtr;
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::register_IO_In(byte port, MSXDevice* device)
{
        MSXDevice*& devicePtr = getDevicePtr(port, true); // in
        register_IO(port, true, devicePtr, device); // in
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::unregister_IO_In(byte port, MSXDevice* device)
{
        MSXDevice*& devicePtr = getDevicePtr(port, true); // in
        unregister_IO(devicePtr, device);
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::register_IO_Out(byte port, MSXDevice* device)
{
        MSXDevice*& devicePtr = getDevicePtr(port, false); // out
        register_IO(port, false, devicePtr, device); // out
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::unregister_IO_Out(byte port, MSXDevice* device)
{
        MSXDevice*& devicePtr = getDevicePtr(port, false); // out
        unregister_IO(devicePtr, device);
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::register_IO(int port, bool isIn,
                                  MSXDevice*& devicePtr, MSXDevice* device)
{
        if (devicePtr == dummyDevice.get()) {
                // first, replace DummyDevice
                devicePtr = device;
        } else {
                if (auto* multi = dynamic_cast<MSXMultiIODevice*>(devicePtr)) {
                        // third or more, add to existing MultiIO device
                        multi->addDevice(device);
                } else {
                        // second, create a MultiIO device
                        multi = new MSXMultiIODevice(device->getHardwareConfig());
                        multi->addDevice(devicePtr);
                        multi->addDevice(device);
                        devicePtr = multi;
                }
                if (isIn) {
                        const auto& devices = motherBoard.getMachineConfig()->getDevicesElem();
                        if (devices.getAttributeValueAsBool("overlap_warning", true)) {
                                cliComm.printWarning(
                                        "Conflicting input port 0x",
                                        hex_string<2>(port),
                                        " for devices ", devicePtr->getName());
                        }
                }
        }
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::unregister_IO(MSXDevice*& devicePtr, MSXDevice* device)
{
        if (auto* multi = dynamic_cast<MSXMultiIODevice*>(devicePtr)) {
                // remove from MultiIO device
                multi->removeDevice(device);
                auto& devices = multi->getDevices();
                if (devices.size() == 1) {
                        // only one remaining, remove MultiIO device
                        devicePtr = devices.front();
                        devices.pop_back();
                        delete multi;
                }
        } else {
                // remove last, put back DummyDevice
                assert(devicePtr == device);
                devicePtr = dummyDevice.get();
        }
}
 
bool MSXCPUInterface::replace_IO_In(
        byte port, MSXDevice* oldDevice, MSXDevice* newDevice)
{
        MSXDevice*& devicePtr = getDevicePtr(port, true); // in
        if (devicePtr != oldDevice) {
                // error, this was not the expected device
                return false;
        }
        devicePtr = newDevice;
        return true;
}
bool MSXCPUInterface::replace_IO_Out(
        byte port, MSXDevice* oldDevice, MSXDevice* newDevice)
{
        MSXDevice*& devicePtr = getDevicePtr(port, false); // out
        if (devicePtr != oldDevice) {
                // error, this was not the expected device
                return false;
        }
        devicePtr = newDevice;
        return true;
}
 
[[noreturn]] static void reportMemOverlap(int ps, int ss, const MSXDevice& dev1, const MSXDevice& dev2)
{
        throw MSXException(
                "Overlapping memory devices in slot ", ps, '.', ss,
                ": ", dev1.getName(), " and ", dev2.getName(), '.');
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::testRegisterSlot(
        const MSXDevice& device, int ps, int ss, unsigned base, unsigned size)
{
        auto page = base >> 14;
        MSXDevice*& slot = slotLayout[ps][ss][page];
        if (size == 0x4000) {
                // full 16kb, directly register device (no multiplexer)
                if (slot != dummyDevice.get()) {
                        reportMemOverlap(ps, ss, *slot, device);
                }
        } else {
                // partial page
                if (slot == dummyDevice.get()) {
                        // first, ok
                } else if (auto* multi = dynamic_cast<MSXMultiMemDevice*>(slot)) {
                        // second (or more), check for overlap
                        if (!multi->canAdd(base, size)) {
                                reportMemOverlap(ps, ss, *slot, device);
                        }
                } else {
                        // conflict with 'full ranged' device
                        reportMemOverlap(ps, ss, *slot, device);
                }
        }
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::registerSlot(
        MSXDevice& device, int ps, int ss, unsigned base, unsigned size)
{
        auto page = narrow<byte>(base >> 14);
        MSXDevice*& slot = slotLayout[ps][ss][page];
        if (size == 0x4000) {
                // full 16kb, directly register device (no multiplexer)
                assert(slot == dummyDevice.get());
                slot = &device;
        } else {
                // partial page
                if (slot == dummyDevice.get()) {
                        // first
                        auto* multi = new MSXMultiMemDevice(device.getHardwareConfig());
                        multi->add(device, base, size);
                        slot = multi;
                } else if (auto* multi = dynamic_cast<MSXMultiMemDevice*>(slot)) {
                        // second or more
                        assert(multi->canAdd(base, size));
                        multi->add(device, base, size);
                } else {
                        // conflict with 'full ranged' device
                        assert(false);
                }
        }
        invalidateRWCache(narrow<word>(base), size, ps, ss);
        updateVisible(page);
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::unregisterSlot(
        MSXDevice& device, int ps, int ss, unsigned base, unsigned size)
{
        auto page = narrow<byte>(base >> 14);
        MSXDevice*& slot = slotLayout[ps][ss][page];
        if (auto* multi = dynamic_cast<MSXMultiMemDevice*>(slot)) {
                // partial range
                multi->remove(device, base, size);
                if (multi->empty()) {
                        delete multi;
                        slot = dummyDevice.get();
                }
        } else {
                // full 16kb range
                assert(slot == &device);
                slot = dummyDevice.get();
        }
        invalidateRWCache(narrow<word>(base), size, ps, ss);
        updateVisible(page);
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::registerMemDevice(
        MSXDevice& device, int ps, int ss, unsigned base_, unsigned size_)
{
        if (!isExpanded(ps) && (ss != 0)) {
                throw MSXException(
                        "Slot ", ps, '.', ss,
                        " does not exist because slot is not expanded.");
        }
 
        // split range on 16kb borders
        // first check if registration is possible
        auto base = base_;
        auto size = size_;
        while (size != 0) {
                auto partialSize = std::min(size, ((base + 0x4000) & ~0x3FFF) - base);
                testRegisterSlot(device, ps, ss, base, partialSize);
                base += partialSize;
                size -= partialSize;
        }
        // if all checks are successful, only then actually register
        base = base_;
        size = size_;
        while (size != 0) {
                auto partialSize = std::min(size, ((base + 0x4000) & ~0x3FFF) - base);
                registerSlot(device, ps, ss, base, partialSize);
                base += partialSize;
                size -= partialSize;
        }
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::unregisterMemDevice(
        MSXDevice& device, int ps, int ss, unsigned base, unsigned size)
{
        // split range on 16kb borders
        while (size != 0) {
                auto partialSize = std::min(size, ((base + 0x4000) & ~0x3FFF) - base);
                unregisterSlot(device, ps, ss, base, partialSize);
                base += partialSize;
                size -= partialSize;
        }
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::registerGlobalWrite(MSXDevice& device, word address)
{
        globalWrites.push_back({&device, address});
 
        disallowWriteCache[address >> CacheLine::BITS] |= GLOBAL_RW_BIT;
        msxcpu.invalidateAllSlotsRWCache(address & CacheLine::HIGH, 0x100);
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::unregisterGlobalWrite(MSXDevice& device, word address)
{
        GlobalRwInfo info = { &device, address };
        move_pop_back(globalWrites, rfind_unguarded(globalWrites, info));
 
        for (auto& g : globalWrites) {
                if ((g.addr >> CacheLine::BITS) ==
                    (address  >> CacheLine::BITS)) {
                        // there is still a global write in this region
                        return;
                }
        }
        disallowWriteCache[address >> CacheLine::BITS] &= ~GLOBAL_RW_BIT;
        msxcpu.invalidateAllSlotsRWCache(address & CacheLine::HIGH, 0x100);
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::registerGlobalRead(MSXDevice& device, word address)
{
        globalReads.push_back({&device, address});
 
        disallowReadCache[address >> CacheLine::BITS] |= GLOBAL_RW_BIT;
        msxcpu.invalidateAllSlotsRWCache(address & CacheLine::HIGH, 0x100);
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::unregisterGlobalRead(MSXDevice& device, word address)
{
        GlobalRwInfo info = { &device, address };
        move_pop_back(globalReads, rfind_unguarded(globalReads, info));
 
        for (auto& g : globalReads) {
                if ((g.addr >> CacheLine::BITS) ==
                    (address  >> CacheLine::BITS)) {
                        // there is still a global write in this region
                        return;
                }
        }
        disallowReadCache[address >> CacheLine::BITS] &= ~GLOBAL_RW_BIT;
        msxcpu.invalidateAllSlotsRWCache(address & CacheLine::HIGH, 0x100);
}
 
ALWAYS_INLINE void MSXCPUInterface::updateVisible(byte page, byte ps, byte ss)
{
        MSXDevice* newDevice = slotLayout[ps][ss][page];
        if (visibleDevices[page] != newDevice) {
                visibleDevices[page] = newDevice;
                msxcpu.updateVisiblePage(page, ps, ss);
        }
}
void MSXCPUInterface::updateVisible(byte page)
{
        updateVisible(page, primarySlotState[page], secondarySlotState[page]);
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::invalidateRWCache(word start, unsigned size, int ps, int ss)
{
        tick(CacheLineCounters::InvalidateReadWrite);
        msxcpu.invalidateRWCache(start, size, ps, ss, disallowReadCache, disallowWriteCache);
}
void MSXCPUInterface::invalidateRCache (word start, unsigned size, int ps, int ss)
{
        tick(CacheLineCounters::InvalidateRead);
        msxcpu.invalidateRCache(start, size, ps, ss, disallowReadCache, disallowWriteCache);
}
void MSXCPUInterface::invalidateWCache (word start, unsigned size, int ps, int ss)
{
        tick(CacheLineCounters::InvalidateWrite);
        msxcpu.invalidateWCache(start, size, ps, ss, disallowReadCache, disallowWriteCache);
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::fillRWCache(unsigned start, unsigned size, const byte* rData, byte* wData, int ps, int ss)
{
        tick(CacheLineCounters::FillReadWrite);
        msxcpu.fillRWCache(start, size, rData, wData, ps, ss, disallowReadCache, disallowWriteCache);
}
void MSXCPUInterface::fillRCache(unsigned start, unsigned size, const byte* rData, int ps, int ss)
{
        tick(CacheLineCounters::FillRead);
        msxcpu.fillRCache(start, size, rData, ps, ss, disallowReadCache, disallowWriteCache);
}
void MSXCPUInterface::fillWCache(unsigned start, unsigned size, byte* wData, int ps, int ss)
{
        tick(CacheLineCounters::FillWrite);
        msxcpu.fillWCache(start, size, wData, ps, ss, disallowReadCache, disallowWriteCache);
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::reset()
{
        for (auto i : xrange(byte(4))) {
                setSubSlot(i, 0);
        }
        setPrimarySlots(initialPrimarySlots);
}
 
byte MSXCPUInterface::readIRQVector() const
{
        return motherBoard.readIRQVector();
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::setPrimarySlots(byte value)
{
        // Change the slot structure.
        // Originally the code below was a loop over the 4 pages, and the check
        // for (un)expanded-slot was done unconditionally at the end. I've
        // completely unrolled the loop and only check for (un)expanded slot
        // when the slot in page 3 has changed. I've also added checks for slot
        // changes for the other 3 pages. Usually when this register is written
        // only one of the 4 pages actually changes, so these extra checks do
        // pay off. This does make the code a bit more complex (and the
        // generated code slightly bigger), but it does make a measurable speed
        // difference.  Changing the slots several hundreds of times per
        // (EmuTime) is not unusual. So this routine ended up quite high
        // (top-10) in some profile results.
        if (byte ps0 = (value >> 0) & 3; primarySlotState[0] != ps0) [[unlikely]] {
                primarySlotState[0] = ps0;
                byte ss0 = (subSlotRegister[ps0] >> 0) & 3;
                secondarySlotState[0] = ss0;
                updateVisible(0, ps0, ss0);
        }
        if (byte ps1 = (value >> 2) & 3; primarySlotState[1] != ps1) [[unlikely]] {
                primarySlotState[1] = ps1;
                byte ss1 = (subSlotRegister[ps1] >> 2) & 3;
                secondarySlotState[1] = ss1;
                updateVisible(1, ps1, ss1);
        }
        if (byte ps2 = (value >> 4) & 3; primarySlotState[2] != ps2) [[unlikely]] {
                primarySlotState[2] = ps2;
                byte ss2 = (subSlotRegister[ps2] >> 4) & 3;
                secondarySlotState[2] = ss2;
                updateVisible(2, ps2, ss2);
        }
        if (byte ps3 = (value >> 6) & 3; primarySlotState[3] != ps3) [[unlikely]] {
                bool oldExpanded = isExpanded(primarySlotState[3]);
                bool newExpanded = isExpanded(ps3);
                primarySlotState[3] = ps3;
                byte ss3 = (subSlotRegister[ps3] >> 6) & 3;
                secondarySlotState[3] = ss3;
                updateVisible(3, ps3, ss3);
                if (oldExpanded != newExpanded) [[unlikely]] {
                        changeExpanded(newExpanded);
                }
        }
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::setSubSlot(byte primSlot, byte value)
{
        subSlotRegister[primSlot] = value;
        for (byte page = 0; page < 4; ++page, value >>= 2) {
                if (primSlot == primarySlotState[page]) {
                        secondarySlotState[page] = value & 3;
                        // Change the visible devices
                        updateVisible(page);
                }
        }
}
 
byte MSXCPUInterface::peekMem(word address, EmuTime::param time) const
{
        if ((address == 0xFFFF) && isExpanded(primarySlotState[3])) {
                return 0xFF ^ subSlotRegister[primarySlotState[3]];
        } else {
                return visibleDevices[address >> 14]->peekMem(address, time);
        }
}
 
byte MSXCPUInterface::peekSlottedMem(unsigned address, EmuTime::param time) const
{
        byte primSlot = (address & 0xC0000) >> 18;
        byte subSlot = (address & 0x30000) >> 16;
        byte page = (address & 0x0C000) >> 14;
        word offset = (address & 0xFFFF); // includes page
        if (!isExpanded(primSlot)) {
                subSlot = 0;
        }
 
        if ((offset == 0xFFFF) && isExpanded(primSlot)) {
                return 0xFF ^ subSlotRegister[primSlot];
        } else {
                return slotLayout[primSlot][subSlot][page]->peekMem(offset, time);
        }
}
 
byte MSXCPUInterface::readSlottedMem(unsigned address, EmuTime::param time)
{
        byte primSlot = (address & 0xC0000) >> 18;
        byte subSlot = (address & 0x30000) >> 16;
        byte page = (address & 0x0C000) >> 14;
        word offset = (address & 0xFFFF); // includes page
        if (!isExpanded(primSlot)) {
                subSlot = 0;
        }
 
        if ((offset == 0xFFFF) && isExpanded(primSlot)) {
                return 0xFF ^ subSlotRegister[primSlot];
        } else {
                return slotLayout[primSlot][subSlot][page]->peekMem(offset, time);
        }
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::writeSlottedMem(unsigned address, byte value,
                                      EmuTime::param time)
{
        byte primSlot = (address & 0xC0000) >> 18;
        byte subSlot = (address & 0x30000) >> 16;
        byte page = (address & 0x0C000) >> 14;
        word offset = (address & 0xFFFF); // includes page
        if (!isExpanded(primSlot)) {
                subSlot = 0;
        }
 
        if ((offset == 0xFFFF) && isExpanded(primSlot)) {
                setSubSlot(primSlot, value);
        } else {
                slotLayout[primSlot][subSlot][page]->writeMem(offset, value, time);
        }
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::insertBreakPoint(BreakPoint bp)
{
        cliComm.update(CliComm::DEBUG_UPDT, tmpStrCat("bp#", bp.getId()), "add");
        auto it = ranges::upper_bound(breakPoints, bp.getAddress(), {}, &BreakPoint::getAddress);
        breakPoints.insert(it, std::move(bp));
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::removeBreakPoint(const BreakPoint& bp)
{
        cliComm.update(CliComm::DEBUG_UPDT, tmpStrCat("bp#", bp.getId()), "remove");
        auto [first, last] = ranges::equal_range(breakPoints, bp.getAddress(), {}, &BreakPoint::getAddress);
        breakPoints.erase(find_unguarded(first, last, &bp,
                                         [](const BreakPoint& i) { return &i; }));
}
void MSXCPUInterface::removeBreakPoint(unsigned id)
{
        if (auto it = ranges::find(breakPoints, id, &BreakPoint::getId);
            // could be ==end for a breakpoint that removes itself AND has the -once flag set
            it != breakPoints.end()) {
                cliComm.update(CliComm::DEBUG_UPDT, tmpStrCat("bp#", it->getId()), "remove");
                breakPoints.erase(it);
        }
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::checkBreakPoints(
        std::pair<BreakPoints::const_iterator,
                  BreakPoints::const_iterator> range)
{
        // create copy for the case that breakpoint/condition removes itself
        //  - keeps object alive by holding a shared_ptr to it
        //  - avoids iterating over a changing collection
        BreakPoints bpCopy(range.first, range.second);
        auto& globalCliComm = motherBoard.getReactor().getGlobalCliComm();
        auto& interp        = motherBoard.getReactor().getInterpreter();
        auto scopedBlock = motherBoard.getStateChangeDistributor().tempBlockNewEventsDuringReplay();
        for (auto& p : bpCopy) {
                bool remove = p.checkAndExecute(globalCliComm, interp);
                if (remove) {
                        removeBreakPoint(p.getId());
                }
        }
        auto condCopy = conditions;
        for (auto& c : condCopy) {
                bool remove = c.checkAndExecute(globalCliComm, interp);
                if (remove) {
                        removeCondition(c.getId());
                }
        }
}
 
static void registerIOWatch(WatchPoint& watchPoint, std::span<MSXDevice*, 256> devices)
{
        auto& ioWatch = checked_cast<WatchIO&>(watchPoint);
        unsigned beginPort = ioWatch.getBeginAddress();
        unsigned endPort   = ioWatch.getEndAddress();
        assert(beginPort <= endPort);
        assert(endPort < 0x100);
        for (unsigned port = beginPort; port <= endPort; ++port) {
                ioWatch.getDevice(narrow_cast<byte>(port)).getDevicePtr() = devices[port];
                devices[port] = &ioWatch.getDevice(narrow_cast<byte>(port));
        }
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::setWatchPoint(const std::shared_ptr<WatchPoint>& watchPoint)
{
        cliComm.update(CliComm::DEBUG_UPDT, tmpStrCat("wp#", watchPoint->getId()), "add");
        watchPoints.push_back(watchPoint);
        WatchPoint::Type type = watchPoint->getType();
        switch (type) {
        using enum WatchPoint::Type;
        case READ_IO:
                registerIOWatch(*watchPoint, IO_In);
                break;
        case WRITE_IO:
                registerIOWatch(*watchPoint, IO_Out);
                break;
        case READ_MEM:
        case WRITE_MEM:
                updateMemWatch(type);
                break;
        default:
                UNREACHABLE;
        }
}
 
static void unregisterIOWatch(WatchPoint& watchPoint, std::span<MSXDevice*, 256> devices)
{
        auto& ioWatch = checked_cast<WatchIO&>(watchPoint);
        unsigned beginPort = ioWatch.getBeginAddress();
        unsigned endPort   = ioWatch.getEndAddress();
        assert(beginPort <= endPort);
        assert(endPort < 0x100);
 
        for (unsigned port = beginPort; port <= endPort; ++port) {
                // find pointer to watchpoint
                MSXDevice** prev = &devices[port];
                while (*prev != &ioWatch.getDevice(narrow_cast<byte>(port))) {
                        prev = &checked_cast<MSXWatchIODevice*>(*prev)->getDevicePtr();
                }
                // remove watchpoint from chain
                *prev = checked_cast<MSXWatchIODevice*>(*prev)->getDevicePtr();
        }
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::removeWatchPoint(std::shared_ptr<WatchPoint> watchPoint)
{
        // Pass shared_ptr by value to keep the object alive for the duration
        // of this function, otherwise it gets deleted as soon as it's removed
        // from the watchPoints collection.
        if (auto it = ranges::find(watchPoints, watchPoint);
            it != end(watchPoints)) {
                cliComm.update(CliComm::DEBUG_UPDT, tmpStrCat("wp#", watchPoint->getId()), "remove");
                // remove before calling updateMemWatch()
                watchPoints.erase(it);
                WatchPoint::Type type = watchPoint->getType();
                switch (type) {
                using enum WatchPoint::Type;
                case READ_IO:
                        unregisterIOWatch(*watchPoint, IO_In);
                        break;
                case WRITE_IO:
                        unregisterIOWatch(*watchPoint, IO_Out);
                        break;
                case READ_MEM:
                case WRITE_MEM:
                        updateMemWatch(type);
                        break;
                default:
                        UNREACHABLE;
                }
        }
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::removeWatchPoint(unsigned id)
{
        if (auto it = ranges::find(watchPoints, id, &WatchPoint::getId);
            it != watchPoints.end()) {
                removeWatchPoint(*it); // not efficient, does a 2nd search, but good enough
        }
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::setCondition(DebugCondition cond)
{
        cliComm.update(CliComm::DEBUG_UPDT, tmpStrCat("cond#", cond.getId()), "add");
        conditions.push_back(std::move(cond));
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::removeCondition(const DebugCondition& cond)
{
        cliComm.update(CliComm::DEBUG_UPDT, tmpStrCat("cond#", cond.getId()), "remove");
        conditions.erase(rfind_unguarded(conditions, &cond,
                                         [](auto& e) { return &e; }));
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::removeCondition(unsigned id)
{
        if (auto it = ranges::find(conditions, id, &DebugCondition::getId);
            // could be ==end for a condition that removes itself AND has the -once flag set
            it != conditions.end()) {
                cliComm.update(CliComm::DEBUG_UPDT, tmpStrCat("cond#", it->getId()), "remove");
                conditions.erase(it);
        }
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::updateMemWatch(WatchPoint::Type type)
{
        std::span<std::bitset<CacheLine::SIZE>, CacheLine::NUM> watchSet =
                (type == WatchPoint::Type::READ_MEM) ? readWatchSet : writeWatchSet;
        for (auto i : xrange(CacheLine::NUM)) {
                watchSet[i].reset();
        }
        for (auto& w : watchPoints) {
                if (w->getType() == type) {
                        unsigned beginAddr = w->getBeginAddress();
                        unsigned endAddr   = w->getEndAddress();
                        assert(beginAddr <= endAddr);
                        assert(endAddr < 0x10000);
                        for (unsigned addr = beginAddr; addr <= endAddr; ++addr) {
                                watchSet[addr >> CacheLine::BITS].set(
                                         addr  & CacheLine::LOW);
                        }
                }
        }
        for (auto i : xrange(CacheLine::NUM)) {
                if (readWatchSet [i].any()) {
                        disallowReadCache [i] |=  MEMORY_WATCH_BIT;
                } else {
                        disallowReadCache [i] &= ~MEMORY_WATCH_BIT;
                }
                if (writeWatchSet[i].any()) {
                        disallowWriteCache[i] |=  MEMORY_WATCH_BIT;
                } else {
                        disallowWriteCache[i] &= ~MEMORY_WATCH_BIT;
                }
        }
        msxcpu.invalidateAllSlotsRWCache(0x0000, 0x10000);
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::executeMemWatch(WatchPoint::Type type,
                                      unsigned address, unsigned value)
{
        assert(!watchPoints.empty());
        if (isFastForward()) return;
 
        auto& globalCliComm = motherBoard.getReactor().getGlobalCliComm();
        auto& interp        = motherBoard.getReactor().getInterpreter();
        interp.setVariable(TclObject("wp_last_address"),
                           TclObject(int(address)));
        if (value != ~0u) {
                interp.setVariable(TclObject("wp_last_value"),
                                   TclObject(int(value)));
        }
 
        auto scopedBlock = motherBoard.getStateChangeDistributor().tempBlockNewEventsDuringReplay();
        auto wpCopy = watchPoints;
        for (auto& w : wpCopy) {
                if ((w->getBeginAddress() <= address) &&
                    (w->getEndAddress()   >= address) &&
                    (w->getType()         == type)) {
                        bool remove = w->checkAndExecute(globalCliComm, interp);
                        if (remove) {
                                removeWatchPoint(w);
                        }
                }
        }
 
        interp.unsetVariable("wp_last_address");
        interp.unsetVariable("wp_last_value");
}
 
 
void MSXCPUInterface::doBreak()
{
        assert(!isFastForward());
        if (breaked) return;
        breaked = true;
        msxcpu.exitCPULoopSync();
 
        Reactor& reactor = motherBoard.getReactor();
        reactor.block();
        breakedSetting->setReadOnlyValue(TclObject("true"));
        reactor.getCliComm().update(CliComm::STATUS, "cpu", "suspended");
        reactor.getEventDistributor().distributeEvent(BreakEvent());
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::doStep()
{
        assert(!isFastForward());
        setCondition(DebugCondition(
                TclObject("debug break"), TclObject(), true));
        doContinue();
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::doContinue()
{
        assert(!isFastForward());
        pauseSetting.setBoolean(false); // unpause
        if (breaked) {
                breaked = false;
 
                Reactor& reactor = motherBoard.getReactor();
                breakedSetting->setReadOnlyValue(TclObject("false"));
                reactor.getCliComm().update(CliComm::STATUS, "cpu", "running");
                reactor.unblock();
                motherBoard.getRealTime().resync();
        }
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::cleanup()
{
        // before the Tcl interpreter is destroyed, we must delete all
        // TclObjects. Breakpoints and conditions contain such objects
        // for the condition and action.
        // TODO it would be nicer if breakpoints and conditions were not
        //      global objects.
        breakPoints.clear();
        conditions.clear();
}
 
MSXDevice* MSXCPUInterface::getMSXDevice(int ps, int ss, int page)
{
        assert(0 <= ps && ps < 4);
        assert(0 <= ss && ss < 4);
        assert(0 <= page && page < 4);
        return slotLayout[ps][ss][page];
}
 
// class MemoryDebug
 
MSXCPUInterface::MemoryDebug::MemoryDebug(MSXMotherBoard& motherBoard_)
        : SimpleDebuggable(motherBoard_, "memory",
                           "The memory currently visible for the CPU.", 0x10000)
{
}
 
byte MSXCPUInterface::MemoryDebug::read(unsigned address, EmuTime::param time)
{
        auto& interface = OUTER(MSXCPUInterface, memoryDebug);
        return interface.peekMem(narrow<word>(address), time);
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::MemoryDebug::write(unsigned address, byte value,
                                         EmuTime::param time)
{
        auto& interface = OUTER(MSXCPUInterface, memoryDebug);
        return interface.writeMem(narrow<word>(address), value, time);
}
 
 
// class SlottedMemoryDebug
 
MSXCPUInterface::SlottedMemoryDebug::SlottedMemoryDebug(
                MSXMotherBoard& motherBoard_)
        : SimpleDebuggable(motherBoard_, "slotted memory",
                           "The memory in slots and subslots.", 0x10000 * 4 * 4)
{
}
 
byte MSXCPUInterface::SlottedMemoryDebug::read(unsigned address, EmuTime::param time)
{
        auto& interface = OUTER(MSXCPUInterface, slottedMemoryDebug);
        return interface.peekSlottedMem(address, time);
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::SlottedMemoryDebug::write(unsigned address, byte value,
                                                EmuTime::param time)
{
        auto& interface = OUTER(MSXCPUInterface, slottedMemoryDebug);
        return interface.writeSlottedMem(address, value, time);
}
 
 
// class SlotInfo
 
static unsigned getSlot(
        Interpreter& interp, const TclObject& token, const std::string& itemName)
{
        unsigned slot = token.getInt(interp);
        if (slot >= 4) {
                throw CommandException(itemName, " must be in range 0..3");
        }
        return slot;
}
 
MSXCPUInterface::SlotInfo::SlotInfo(
                InfoCommand& machineInfoCommand)
        : InfoTopic(machineInfoCommand, "slot")
{
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::SlotInfo::execute(std::span<const TclObject> tokens,
                                        TclObject& result) const
{
        checkNumArgs(tokens, 5, Prefix{2}, "primary secondary page");
        auto& interp = getInterpreter();
        unsigned ps   = getSlot(interp, tokens[2], "Primary slot");
        unsigned ss   = getSlot(interp, tokens[3], "Secondary slot");
        unsigned page = getSlot(interp, tokens[4], "Page");
        auto& interface = OUTER(MSXCPUInterface, slotInfo);
        if (!interface.isExpanded(narrow<int>(ps))) {
                ss = 0;
        }
        interface.slotLayout[ps][ss][page]->getNameList(result);
}
 
std::string MSXCPUInterface::SlotInfo::help(std::span<const TclObject> /*tokens*/) const
{
        return "Retrieve name of the device inserted in given "
               "primary slot / secondary slot / page.";
}
 
 
// class SubSlottedInfo
 
MSXCPUInterface::SubSlottedInfo::SubSlottedInfo(
                InfoCommand& machineInfoCommand)
        : InfoTopic(machineInfoCommand, "issubslotted")
{
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::SubSlottedInfo::execute(std::span<const TclObject> tokens,
                                              TclObject& result) const
{
        checkNumArgs(tokens, 3, "primary");
        auto& interface = OUTER(MSXCPUInterface, subSlottedInfo);
        result = interface.isExpanded(narrow<int>(
                getSlot(getInterpreter(), tokens[2], "Slot")));
}
 
std::string MSXCPUInterface::SubSlottedInfo::help(
        std::span<const TclObject> /*tokens*/) const
{
        return "Indicates whether a certain primary slot is expanded.";
}
 
 
// class ExternalSlotInfo
 
MSXCPUInterface::ExternalSlotInfo::ExternalSlotInfo(
                InfoCommand& machineInfoCommand)
        : InfoTopic(machineInfoCommand, "isexternalslot")
{
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::ExternalSlotInfo::execute(
        std::span<const TclObject> tokens, TclObject& result) const
{
        checkNumArgs(tokens, Between{3, 4}, "primary ?secondary?");
        int ps = 0;
        int ss = 0;
        auto& interp = getInterpreter();
        switch (tokens.size()) {
        case 4:
                ss = narrow<int>(getSlot(interp, tokens[3], "Secondary slot"));
                // Fall-through
        case 3:
                ps = narrow<int>(getSlot(interp, tokens[2], "Primary slot"));
                break;
        }
        auto& interface = OUTER(MSXCPUInterface, externalSlotInfo);
        auto& manager = interface.motherBoard.getSlotManager();
        result = manager.isExternalSlot(ps, ss, true);
}
 
std::string MSXCPUInterface::ExternalSlotInfo::help(
        std::span<const TclObject> /*tokens*/) const
{
        return "Indicates whether a certain slot is external or internal.";
}
 
 
// class IODebug
 
MSXCPUInterface::IODebug::IODebug(MSXMotherBoard& motherBoard_)
        : SimpleDebuggable(motherBoard_, "ioports", "IO ports.", 0x100)
{
}
 
byte MSXCPUInterface::IODebug::read(unsigned address, EmuTime::param time)
{
        auto& interface = OUTER(MSXCPUInterface, ioDebug);
        return interface.IO_In[address & 0xFF]->peekIO(narrow<word>(address), time);
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::IODebug::write(unsigned address, byte value, EmuTime::param time)
{
        auto& interface = OUTER(MSXCPUInterface, ioDebug);
        interface.writeIO(word(address), value, time);
}
 
 
// class IOInfo
 
MSXCPUInterface::IOInfo::IOInfo(InfoCommand& machineInfoCommand, const char* name_)
        : InfoTopic(machineInfoCommand, name_)
{
}
 
void MSXCPUInterface::IOInfo::helper(
        std::span<const TclObject> tokens, TclObject& result, std::span<MSXDevice*, 256> devices) const
{
        checkNumArgs(tokens, 3, "port");
        unsigned port = tokens[2].getInt(getInterpreter());
        if (port >= 256) {
                throw CommandException("Port must be in range 0..255");
        }
        devices[port]->getNameList(result);
}
void MSXCPUInterface::IInfo::execute(
        std::span<const TclObject> tokens, TclObject& result) const
{
        auto& interface = OUTER(MSXCPUInterface, inputPortInfo);
        helper(tokens, result, interface.IO_In);
}
void MSXCPUInterface::OInfo::execute(
        std::span<const TclObject> tokens, TclObject& result) const
{
        auto& interface = OUTER(MSXCPUInterface, outputPortInfo);
        helper(tokens, result, interface.IO_Out);
}
 
std::string MSXCPUInterface::IOInfo::help(std::span<const TclObject> /*tokens*/) const
{
        return "Return the name of the device connected to the given IO port.";
}
 
 
template<typename Archive>
void MSXCPUInterface::serialize(Archive& ar, unsigned /*version*/)
{
        // TODO watchPoints ???
 
        // primary and 4 secondary slot select registers
        byte prim = 0;
        if constexpr (!Archive::IS_LOADER) {
                for (auto i : xrange(4)) {
                        prim |= byte(primarySlotState[i] << (2 * i));
                }
        }
        ar.serialize("primarySlots", prim,
                     "subSlotRegs",  subSlotRegister);
        if constexpr (Archive::IS_LOADER) {
                setPrimarySlots(prim);
                for (auto i : xrange(byte(4))) {
                        setSubSlot(i, subSlotRegister[i]);
                }
        }
 
        if (delayDevice) {
                ar.serialize("vdpDelay", *delayDevice);
        }
}
INSTANTIATE_SERIALIZE_METHODS(MSXCPUInterface);
 
} // namespace openmsx