Y8950.cc

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/*
  * Based on:
  *    emu8950.c -- Y8950 emulator written by Mitsutaka Okazaki 2001
  * heavily rewritten to fit openMSX structure
  */
 
#include "Y8950.hh"
#include "Y8950Periphery.hh"
#include "MSXAudio.hh"
#include "DeviceConfig.hh"
#include "MSXMotherBoard.hh"
#include "Math.hh"
#include "cstd.hh"
#include "enumerate.hh"
#include "outer.hh"
#include "ranges.hh"
#include "serialize.hh"
#include "xrange.hh"
#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
 
namespace openmsx {
 
constexpr unsigned EG_MUTE = 1 << Y8950::EG_BITS;
constexpr Y8950::EnvPhaseIndex EG_DP_MAX = Y8950::EnvPhaseIndex(EG_MUTE);
 
constexpr unsigned MOD = 0;
constexpr unsigned CAR = 1;
 
constexpr double EG_STEP = 0.1875; //  3/16
constexpr double SL_STEP = 3.0;
constexpr double TL_STEP = 0.75;   // 12/16
constexpr double DB_STEP = 0.1875; //  3/16
 
constexpr unsigned SL_PER_EG = 16; // SL_STEP / EG_STEP
constexpr unsigned TL_PER_EG =  4; // TL_STEP / EG_STEP
constexpr unsigned EG_PER_DB =  1; // EG_STEP / DB_STEP
 
// PM speed(Hz) and depth(cent)
constexpr double PM_SPEED  = 6.4;
constexpr double PM_DEPTH  = 13.75 / 2;
constexpr double PM_DEPTH2 = 13.75;
 
// Dynamic range of sustain level
constexpr int SL_BITS = 4;
constexpr int SL_MUTE = 1 << SL_BITS;
// Size of Sintable ( 1 -- 18 can be used, but 7 -- 14 recommended.)
constexpr int PG_BITS = 10;
constexpr int PG_WIDTH = 1 << PG_BITS;
constexpr int PG_MASK = PG_WIDTH - 1;
// Phase increment counter
constexpr int DP_BITS = 19;
constexpr int DP_BASE_BITS = DP_BITS - PG_BITS;
 
// Dynamic range
constexpr int DB_BITS = 9;
constexpr int DB_MUTE = 1 << DB_BITS;
// PM table is calcurated by PM_AMP * exp2(PM_DEPTH * sin(x) / 1200)
constexpr int PM_AMP_BITS = 8;
constexpr int PM_AMP = 1 << PM_AMP_BITS;
 
// Bits for liner value
constexpr int DB2LIN_AMP_BITS = 11;
constexpr int SLOT_AMP_BITS = DB2LIN_AMP_BITS;
 
// Bits for Pitch and Amp modulator
constexpr int PM_PG_BITS = 8;
constexpr int PM_PG_WIDTH = 1 << PM_PG_BITS;
constexpr int PM_DP_BITS = 16;
constexpr int PM_DP_WIDTH = 1 << PM_DP_BITS;
constexpr int AM_PG_BITS = 8;
constexpr int AM_PG_WIDTH = 1 << AM_PG_BITS;
constexpr int AM_DP_BITS = 16;
constexpr int AM_DP_WIDTH = 1 << AM_DP_BITS;
 
// LFO Table
constexpr unsigned PM_DPHASE = unsigned(PM_SPEED * PM_DP_WIDTH / (Y8950::CLOCK_FREQ / double(Y8950::CLOCK_FREQ_DIV)));
 
 
// LFO Amplitude Modulation table (verified on real YM3812)
// 27 output levels (triangle waveform);
// 1 level takes one of: 192, 256 or 448 samples
//
// Length: 210 elements.
//  Each of the elements has to be repeated
//  exactly 64 times (on 64 consecutive samples).
//  The whole table takes: 64 * 210 = 13440 samples.
//
// Verified on real YM3812 (OPL2), but I believe it's the same for Y8950
// because it closely matches the Y8950 AM parameters:
//    speed = 3.7Hz
//    depth = 4.875dB
// Also this approach can be easily implemented in HW, the previous one (see SVN
// history) could not.
constexpr unsigned LFO_AM_TAB_ELEMENTS = 210;
constexpr byte lfo_am_table[LFO_AM_TAB_ELEMENTS] =
{
        0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
        1,1,1,1,
        2,2,2,2,
        3,3,3,3,
        4,4,4,4,
        5,5,5,5,
        6,6,6,6,
        7,7,7,7,
        8,8,8,8,
        9,9,9,9,
        10,10,10,10,
        11,11,11,11,
        12,12,12,12,
        13,13,13,13,
        14,14,14,14,
        15,15,15,15,
        16,16,16,16,
        17,17,17,17,
        18,18,18,18,
        19,19,19,19,
        20,20,20,20,
        21,21,21,21,
        22,22,22,22,
        23,23,23,23,
        24,24,24,24,
        25,25,25,25,
        26,26,26,
        25,25,25,25,
        24,24,24,24,
        23,23,23,23,
        22,22,22,22,
        21,21,21,21,
        20,20,20,20,
        19,19,19,19,
        18,18,18,18,
        17,17,17,17,
        16,16,16,16,
        15,15,15,15,
        14,14,14,14,
        13,13,13,13,
        12,12,12,12,
        11,11,11,11,
        10,10,10,10,
        9,9,9,9,
        8,8,8,8,
        7,7,7,7,
        6,6,6,6,
        5,5,5,5,
        4,4,4,4,
        3,3,3,3,
        2,2,2,2,
        1,1,1,1
};
 
//**************************************************//
//                                                  //
//  Helper functions                                //
//                                                  //
//**************************************************//
 
static constexpr unsigned DB_POS(int x)
{
        int result = int(x / DB_STEP);
        assert(result < DB_MUTE);
        assert(result >= 0);
        return result;
}
static constexpr unsigned DB_NEG(int x)
{
        return 2 * DB_MUTE + DB_POS(x);
}
 
//**************************************************//
//                                                  //
//                  Create tables                   //
//                                                  //
//**************************************************//
 
// Linear to Log curve conversion table (for Attack rate) and vice versa.
//   values are in the range [0 .. EG_MUTE]
// adjustAR[] and adjustRA[] are each others inverse, IOW
//   adjustRA[adjustAR[x]] == x
// (except for rounding errors).
constexpr auto adjustAR = [] {
        std::array<unsigned, EG_MUTE> result = {};
        result[0] = EG_MUTE;
        auto log_eg_mute = cstd::log<6, 5>(EG_MUTE);
        for (int i : xrange(1, int(EG_MUTE))) {
                result[i] = (EG_MUTE - 1 - EG_MUTE * cstd::log<6, 5>(i) / log_eg_mute) / 2;
                assert(0 <= int(result[i]));
                assert(result[i] <= EG_MUTE);
        }
        return result;
}();
constexpr auto adjustRA = [] {
        std::array<unsigned, EG_MUTE + 1> result = {};
        result[0] = EG_MUTE;
        for (int i : xrange(1, int(EG_MUTE))) {
                result[i] = cstd::pow<6, 5>(EG_MUTE, (double(EG_MUTE) - 1 - 2 * i) / EG_MUTE);
                assert(0 <= int(result[i]));
                assert(result[i] <= EG_MUTE);
        }
        result[EG_MUTE] = 0;
        return result;
}();
 
// Table for dB(0 -- (1<<DB_BITS)) to Liner(0 -- DB2LIN_AMP_WIDTH)
constexpr auto dB2LinTab = [] {
        std::array<int, (2 * DB_MUTE) * 2> result = {};
        for (int i : xrange(DB_MUTE)) {
                result[i] = int(double((1 << DB2LIN_AMP_BITS) - 1) *
                                   cstd::pow<7, 3>(10, -double(i) * DB_STEP / 20.0));
        }
        assert(result[DB_MUTE - 1] == 0);
        for (auto i : xrange(DB_MUTE, 2 * DB_MUTE)) {
                result[i] = 0;
        }
        for (auto i : xrange(2 * DB_MUTE)) {
                result[i + 2 * DB_MUTE] = -result[i];
        }
        return result;
}();
 
// WaveTable for each envelope amp.
//  values are in range[        0,   DB_MUTE)   (for positive values)
//                  or [2*DB_MUTE, 3*DB_MUTE)   (for negative values)
constexpr auto sinTable = [] {
        // Linear(+0.0 ... +1.0) to dB(DB_MUTE-1 ... 0)
        auto lin2db = [](double d) {
                if (d < 1e-4) { // (almost) zero
                        return DB_MUTE - 1;
                }
                int tmp = -int(20.0 * cstd::log10<6, 2>(d) / DB_STEP);
                int result = std::min(tmp, DB_MUTE - 1);
                assert(result >= 0);
                assert(result <= DB_MUTE - 1);
                return result;
        };
 
        std::array<unsigned, PG_WIDTH> result = {};
        for (int i : xrange(PG_WIDTH / 4)) {
                result[i] = lin2db(cstd::sin<2>(2.0 * Math::pi * i / PG_WIDTH));
        }
        for (auto i : xrange(PG_WIDTH / 4)) {
                result[PG_WIDTH / 2 - 1 - i] = result[i];
        }
        for (auto i : xrange(PG_WIDTH / 2)) {
                result[PG_WIDTH / 2 + i] = 2 * DB_MUTE + result[i];
        }
        return result;
}();
 
// Table for Pitch Modulator
constexpr auto pmTable = [] {
        std::array<std::array<int, PM_PG_WIDTH>, 2> result = {};
        for (int i : xrange(PM_PG_WIDTH)) {
                auto s = cstd::sin<5>(2.0 * Math::pi * i / PM_PG_WIDTH) / 1200;
                result[0][i] = int(PM_AMP * cstd::exp2<2>(PM_DEPTH  * s));
                result[1][i] = int(PM_AMP * cstd::exp2<2>(PM_DEPTH2 * s));
        }
        return result;
}();
 
// TL Table.
constexpr auto tllTable = [] {
        // Processed version of Table 3.5 from the Application Manual
        constexpr unsigned klTable[16] = {
                0, 24, 32, 37, 40, 43, 45, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56
        };
        // This is indeed {0.0, 3.0, 1.5, 6.0} dB/oct, verified on real Y8950.
        // Note the illogical order of 2nd and 3rd element.
        constexpr unsigned shift[4] = { 31, 1, 2, 0 };
 
        std::array<std::array<int, 4>, 16 * 8> result = {};
        for (auto freq : xrange(16 * 8u)) {
                unsigned fnum  = freq % 16;
                unsigned block = freq / 16;
                int tmp = 4 * klTable[fnum] - 32 * (7 - block);
                for (auto KL : xrange(4)) {
                        result[freq][KL] = (tmp <= 0) ? 0 : (tmp >> shift[KL]);
                }
        }
        return result;
}();
 
// Phase incr table for Attack.
constexpr auto dPhaseArTable = [] {
        std::array<std::array<Y8950::EnvPhaseIndex, 16>, 16> result = {};
        for (auto Rks : xrange(16)) {
                result[Rks][0] = Y8950::EnvPhaseIndex(0);
                for (auto AR : xrange(1, 15)) {
                        unsigned RM = std::min(AR + (Rks >> 2), 15);
                        unsigned RL = Rks & 3;
                        result[Rks][AR] =
                                Y8950::EnvPhaseIndex(12 * (RL + 4)) >> (15 - RM);
                }
                result[Rks][15] = EG_DP_MAX;
        }
        return result;
}();
 
// Phase incr table for Decay and Release.
constexpr auto dPhaseDrTable = [] {
        std::array<std::array<Y8950::EnvPhaseIndex, 16>, 16> result = {};
        for (auto Rks : xrange(16)) {
                result[Rks][0] = Y8950::EnvPhaseIndex(0);
                for (auto DR : xrange(1, 16)) {
                        unsigned RM = std::min(DR + (Rks >> 2), 15);
                        unsigned RL = Rks & 3;
                        result[Rks][DR] =
                                Y8950::EnvPhaseIndex(RL + 4) >> (15 - RM);
                }
        }
        return result;
}();
 
 
// class Y8950::Patch
 
Y8950::Patch::Patch()
{
        reset();
}
 
void Y8950::Patch::reset()
{
        AM = false;
        PM = false;
        EG = false;
        ML = 0;
        KL = 0;
        TL = 0;
        AR = 0;
        DR = 0;
        SL = 0;
        RR = 0;
        setKeyScaleRate(false);
        setFeedbackShift(0);
}
 
 
// class Y8950::Slot
 
void Y8950::Slot::reset()
{
        phase = 0;
        output = 0;
        feedback = 0;
        eg_mode = FINISH;
        eg_phase = EG_DP_MAX;
        key = 0;
        patch.reset();
 
        // this initializes:
        //   dPhase, tll, dPhaseARTableRks, dPhaseDRTableRks, eg_dPhase
        updateAll(0);
}
 
void Y8950::Slot::updatePG(unsigned freq)
{
        static constexpr int mlTable[16] = {
                  1, 1*2,  2*2,  3*2,  4*2,  5*2,  6*2 , 7*2,
                8*2, 9*2, 10*2, 10*2, 12*2, 12*2, 15*2, 15*2
        };
 
        unsigned fnum  = freq % 1024;
        unsigned block = freq / 1024;
        dPhase = ((fnum * mlTable[patch.ML]) << block) >> (21 - DP_BITS);
}
 
void Y8950::Slot::updateTLL(unsigned freq)
{
        tll = tllTable[freq >> 6][patch.KL] + patch.TL * TL_PER_EG;
}
 
void Y8950::Slot::updateRKS(unsigned freq)
{
        unsigned rks = freq >> patch.KR;
        assert(rks < 16);
        dPhaseARTableRks = dPhaseArTable[rks].data();
        dPhaseDRTableRks = dPhaseDrTable[rks].data();
}
 
void Y8950::Slot::updateEG()
{
        switch (eg_mode) {
        case ATTACK:
                eg_dPhase = dPhaseARTableRks[patch.AR];
                break;
        case DECAY:
                eg_dPhase = dPhaseDRTableRks[patch.DR];
                break;
        case SUSTAIN:
        case RELEASE:
                eg_dPhase = dPhaseDRTableRks[patch.RR];
                break;
        case FINISH:
                eg_dPhase = Y8950::EnvPhaseIndex(0);
                break;
        }
}
 
void Y8950::Slot::updateAll(unsigned freq)
{
        updatePG(freq);
        updateTLL(freq);
        updateRKS(freq);
        updateEG(); // EG should be last
}
 
bool Y8950::Slot::isActive() const
{
        return eg_mode != FINISH;
}
 
// Slot key on
void Y8950::Slot::slotOn(KeyPart part)
{
        if (!key) {
                eg_mode = ATTACK;
                phase = 0;
                eg_phase = Y8950::EnvPhaseIndex(adjustRA[eg_phase.toInt()]);
        }
        key |= part;
}
 
// Slot key off
void Y8950::Slot::slotOff(KeyPart part)
{
        if (key) {
                key &= ~part;
                if (!key) {
                        if (eg_mode == ATTACK) {
                                eg_phase = Y8950::EnvPhaseIndex(adjustAR[eg_phase.toInt()]);
                        }
                        eg_mode = RELEASE;
                }
        }
}
 
 
// class Y8950::Channel
 
Y8950::Channel::Channel()
{
        reset();
}
 
void Y8950::Channel::reset()
{
        setFreq(0);
        slot[MOD].reset();
        slot[CAR].reset();
        alg = false;
}
 
// Set frequency (combined F-Number (10bit) and Block (3bit))
void Y8950::Channel::setFreq(unsigned freq_)
{
        freq = freq_;
}
 
void Y8950::Channel::keyOn(KeyPart part)
{
        slot[MOD].slotOn(part);
        slot[CAR].slotOn(part);
}
 
void Y8950::Channel::keyOff(KeyPart part)
{
        slot[MOD].slotOff(part);
        slot[CAR].slotOff(part);
}
 
constexpr auto INPUT_RATE = unsigned(cstd::round(Y8950::CLOCK_FREQ / double(Y8950::CLOCK_FREQ_DIV)));
 
Y8950::Y8950(const std::string& name_, const DeviceConfig& config,
             unsigned sampleRam, EmuTime::param time, MSXAudio& audio)
        : ResampledSoundDevice(config.getMotherBoard(), name_, "MSX-AUDIO", 9 + 5 + 1, INPUT_RATE, false)
        , motherBoard(config.getMotherBoard())
        , periphery(audio.createPeriphery(getName()))
        , adpcm(*this, config, name_, sampleRam)
        , connector(motherBoard.getPluggingController())
        , dac13(name_ + " DAC", "MSX-AUDIO 13-bit DAC", config)
        , debuggable(motherBoard, getName())
        , timer1(EmuTimer::createOPL3_1(motherBoard.getScheduler(), *this))
        , timer2(EmuTimer::createOPL3_2(motherBoard.getScheduler(), *this))
        , irq(motherBoard, getName() + ".IRQ")
        , enabled(true)
{
        // For debugging: print out tables to be able to compare before/after
        // when the calculation changes.
        if (false) {
                for (auto i : xrange(PM_PG_WIDTH)) {
                        std::cout << pmTable[0][i] << ' '
                                  << pmTable[1][i] << '\n';
                }
                std::cout << '\n';
 
                for (auto i : xrange(EG_MUTE)) {
                        std::cout << adjustRA[i] << ' '
                                  << adjustAR[i] << '\n';
                }
                std::cout << adjustRA[EG_MUTE] << "\n\n";
 
                for (const auto& e : dB2LinTab) std::cout << e << '\n';
                std::cout << '\n';
 
                for (auto i : xrange(16 * 8)) {
                        for (auto j : xrange(4)) {
                                std::cout << tllTable[i][j] << ' ';
                        }
                        std::cout << '\n';
                }
                std::cout << '\n';
 
                for (const auto& e : sinTable) std::cout << e << '\n';
                std::cout << '\n';
 
                for (auto i : xrange(16)) {
                        for (auto j : xrange(16)) {
                                std::cout << dPhaseArTable[i][j].getRawValue() << ' ';
                        }
                        std::cout << '\n';
                }
                std::cout << '\n';
 
                for (auto i : xrange(16)) {
                        for (auto j : xrange(16)) {
                                std::cout << dPhaseDrTable[i][j].getRawValue() << ' ';
                        }
                        std::cout << '\n';
                }
                std::cout << '\n';
        }
 
        reset(time);
        registerSound(config);
}
 
Y8950::~Y8950()
{
        unregisterSound();
}
 
void Y8950::clearRam()
{
        adpcm.clearRam();
}
 
// Reset whole of opl except patch data.
void Y8950::reset(EmuTime::param time)
{
        for (auto& c : ch) c.reset();
 
        rythm_mode = false;
        am_mode = false;
        pm_mode = false;
        pm_phase = 0;
        am_phase = 0;
        noise_seed = 0xffff;
        noiseA_phase = 0;
        noiseB_phase = 0;
        noiseA_dPhase = 0;
        noiseB_dPhase = 0;
 
        // update the output buffer before changing the register
        updateStream(time);
        ranges::fill(reg, 0x00);
 
        reg[0x04] = 0x18;
        reg[0x19] = 0x0F; // fixes 'Thunderbirds are Go'
        status = 0x00;
        statusMask = 0;
        irq.reset();
 
        adpcm.reset(time);
}
 
 
// Drum key on
void Y8950::keyOn_BD()  { ch[6].keyOn(KEY_RHYTHM); }
void Y8950::keyOn_HH()  { ch[7].slot[MOD].slotOn(KEY_RHYTHM); }
void Y8950::keyOn_SD()  { ch[7].slot[CAR].slotOn(KEY_RHYTHM); }
void Y8950::keyOn_TOM() { ch[8].slot[MOD].slotOn(KEY_RHYTHM); }
void Y8950::keyOn_CYM() { ch[8].slot[CAR].slotOn(KEY_RHYTHM); }
 
// Drum key off
void Y8950::keyOff_BD() { ch[6].keyOff(KEY_RHYTHM); }
void Y8950::keyOff_HH() { ch[7].slot[MOD].slotOff(KEY_RHYTHM); }
void Y8950::keyOff_SD() { ch[7].slot[CAR].slotOff(KEY_RHYTHM); }
void Y8950::keyOff_TOM(){ ch[8].slot[MOD].slotOff(KEY_RHYTHM); }
void Y8950::keyOff_CYM(){ ch[8].slot[CAR].slotOff(KEY_RHYTHM); }
 
// Change Rhythm Mode
void Y8950::setRythmMode(int data)
{
        bool newMode = (data & 32) != 0;
        if (rythm_mode != newMode) {
                rythm_mode = newMode;
                if (!rythm_mode) {
                        // ON->OFF
                        keyOff_BD();  // TODO keyOff() or immediately to FINISH?
                        keyOff_HH();  //      other variants use keyOff(), but
                        keyOff_SD();  //      verify on real HW
                        keyOff_TOM();
                        keyOff_CYM();
                }
        }
}
 
// recalculate 'key' from register settings
void Y8950::update_key_status()
{
        for (auto [i, c] : enumerate(ch)) {
                int main = (reg[0xb0 + i] & 0x20) ? KEY_MAIN : 0;
                c.slot[MOD].key = main;
                c.slot[CAR].key = main;
        }
        if (rythm_mode) {
                ch[6].slot[MOD].key |= (reg[0xbd] & 0x10) ? KEY_RHYTHM : 0; // BD1
                ch[6].slot[CAR].key |= (reg[0xbd] & 0x10) ? KEY_RHYTHM : 0; // BD2
                ch[7].slot[MOD].key |= (reg[0xbd] & 0x01) ? KEY_RHYTHM : 0; // HH
                ch[7].slot[CAR].key |= (reg[0xbd] & 0x08) ? KEY_RHYTHM : 0; // SD
                ch[8].slot[MOD].key |= (reg[0xbd] & 0x04) ? KEY_RHYTHM : 0; // TOM
                ch[8].slot[CAR].key |= (reg[0xbd] & 0x02) ? KEY_RHYTHM : 0; // CYM
        }
}
 
 
//
// Generate wave data
//
 
// Convert Amp(0 to EG_HEIGHT) to Phase(0 to 8PI).
static constexpr int wave2_8pi(int e)
{
        int shift = SLOT_AMP_BITS - PG_BITS - 2;
        return (shift > 0) ? (e >> shift) : (e << -shift);
}
 
unsigned Y8950::Slot::calc_phase(int lfo_pm)
{
        if (patch.PM) {
                phase += (dPhase * lfo_pm) >> PM_AMP_BITS;
        } else {
                phase += dPhase;
        }
        return phase >> DP_BASE_BITS;
}
 
static constexpr auto S2E(int x) {
        return Y8950::EnvPhaseIndex(int(x / EG_STEP));
}
constexpr Y8950::EnvPhaseIndex SL[16] = {
        S2E( 0), S2E( 3), S2E( 6), S2E( 9), S2E(12), S2E(15), S2E(18), S2E(21),
        S2E(24), S2E(27), S2E(30), S2E(33), S2E(36), S2E(39), S2E(42), S2E(93)
};
unsigned Y8950::Slot::calc_envelope(int lfo_am)
{
        unsigned egOut = 0;
        switch (eg_mode) {
        case ATTACK:
                eg_phase += eg_dPhase;
                if (eg_phase >= EG_DP_MAX) {
                        egOut = 0;
                        eg_phase = Y8950::EnvPhaseIndex(0);
                        eg_mode = DECAY;
                        updateEG();
                } else {
                        egOut = adjustAR[eg_phase.toInt()];
                }
                break;
 
        case DECAY:
                eg_phase += eg_dPhase;
                if (eg_phase >= SL[patch.SL]) {
                        eg_phase = SL[patch.SL];
                        eg_mode = SUSTAIN;
                        updateEG();
                }
                egOut = eg_phase.toInt();
                break;
 
        case SUSTAIN:
                if (!patch.EG) {
                        eg_phase += eg_dPhase;
                }
                egOut = eg_phase.toInt();
                if (egOut >= EG_MUTE) {
                        eg_phase = EG_DP_MAX;
                        eg_mode = FINISH;
                        egOut = EG_MUTE - 1;
                }
                break;
 
        case RELEASE:
                eg_phase += eg_dPhase;
                egOut = eg_phase.toInt();
                if (egOut >= EG_MUTE) {
                        eg_phase = EG_DP_MAX;
                        eg_mode = FINISH;
                        egOut = EG_MUTE - 1;
                }
                break;
 
        case FINISH:
                egOut = EG_MUTE - 1;
                break;
        }
 
        egOut = ((egOut + tll) * EG_PER_DB);
        if (patch.AM) {
                egOut += lfo_am;
        }
        return std::min<unsigned>(egOut, DB_MUTE - 1);
}
 
int Y8950::Slot::calc_slot_car(int lfo_pm, int lfo_am, int fm)
{
        unsigned egOut = calc_envelope(lfo_am);
        int pgout = calc_phase(lfo_pm) + wave2_8pi(fm);
        return dB2LinTab[sinTable[pgout & PG_MASK] + egOut];
}
 
int Y8950::Slot::calc_slot_mod(int lfo_pm, int lfo_am)
{
        unsigned egOut = calc_envelope(lfo_am);
        unsigned pgout = calc_phase(lfo_pm);
 
        if (patch.FB != 0) {
                pgout += wave2_8pi(feedback) >> patch.FB;
        }
        int newOutput = dB2LinTab[sinTable[pgout & PG_MASK] + egOut];
        feedback = (output + newOutput) >> 1;
        output = newOutput;
        return feedback;
}
 
int Y8950::Slot::calc_slot_tom(int lfo_pm, int lfo_am)
{
        unsigned egOut = calc_envelope(lfo_am);
        unsigned pgout = calc_phase(lfo_pm);
        return dB2LinTab[sinTable[pgout & PG_MASK] + egOut];
}
 
int Y8950::Slot::calc_slot_snare(int lfo_pm, int lfo_am, int whitenoise)
{
        unsigned egOut = calc_envelope(lfo_am);
        unsigned pgout = calc_phase(lfo_pm);
        unsigned tmp = (pgout & (1 << (PG_BITS - 1))) ? 0 : 2 * DB_MUTE;
        return (dB2LinTab[tmp + egOut] + dB2LinTab[egOut + whitenoise]) >> 1;
}
 
int Y8950::Slot::calc_slot_cym(int lfo_am, int a, int b)
{
        unsigned egOut = calc_envelope(lfo_am);
        return (dB2LinTab[egOut + a] + dB2LinTab[egOut + b]) >> 1;
}
 
// HI-HAT
int Y8950::Slot::calc_slot_hat(int lfo_am, int a, int b, int whitenoise)
{
        unsigned egOut = calc_envelope(lfo_am);
        return (dB2LinTab[egOut + whitenoise] +
                dB2LinTab[egOut + a] +
                dB2LinTab[egOut + b]) >> 2;
}
 
float Y8950::getAmplificationFactorImpl() const
{
        return 1.0f / (1 << DB2LIN_AMP_BITS);
}
 
void Y8950::setEnabled(bool enabled_, EmuTime::param time)
{
        updateStream(time);
        enabled = enabled_;
}
 
bool Y8950::checkMuteHelper()
{
        if (!enabled) {
                return true;
        }
        for (auto i : xrange(6)) {
                if (ch[i].slot[CAR].isActive()) return false;
        }
        if (!rythm_mode) {
                for (auto i : xrange(6, 9)) {
                        if (ch[i].slot[CAR].isActive()) return false;
                }
        } else {
                if (ch[6].slot[CAR].isActive()) return false;
                if (ch[7].slot[MOD].isActive()) return false;
                if (ch[7].slot[CAR].isActive()) return false;
                if (ch[8].slot[MOD].isActive()) return false;
                if (ch[8].slot[CAR].isActive()) return false;
        }
 
        return adpcm.isMuted();
}
 
void Y8950::generateChannels(float** bufs, unsigned num)
{
        // TODO implement per-channel mute (instead of all-or-nothing)
        if (checkMuteHelper()) {
                // TODO update internal state even when muted
                // during mute pm_phase, am_phase, noiseA_phase, noiseB_phase
                // and noise_seed aren't updated, probably ok
                std::fill_n(bufs, 9 + 5 + 1, nullptr);
                return;
        }
 
        for (auto sample : xrange(num)) {
                // Amplitude modulation: 27 output levels (triangle waveform);
                // 1 level takes one of: 192, 256 or 448 samples
                // One entry from LFO_AM_TABLE lasts for 64 samples
                // lfo_am_table is 210 elements long
                ++am_phase;
                if (am_phase == (LFO_AM_TAB_ELEMENTS * 64)) am_phase = 0;
                unsigned tmp = lfo_am_table[am_phase / 64];
                int lfo_am = am_mode ? tmp : tmp / 4;
 
                pm_phase = (pm_phase + PM_DPHASE) & (PM_DP_WIDTH - 1);
                int lfo_pm = pmTable[pm_mode][pm_phase >> (PM_DP_BITS - PM_PG_BITS)];
 
                if (noise_seed & 1) {
                        noise_seed ^= 0x24000;
                }
                noise_seed >>= 1;
                int whitenoise = noise_seed & 1 ? DB_POS(6) : DB_NEG(6);
 
                noiseA_phase += noiseA_dPhase;
                noiseA_phase &= (0x40 << 11) - 1;
                if ((noiseA_phase >> 11) == 0x3f) {
                        noiseA_phase = 0;
                }
                int noiseA = noiseA_phase & (0x03 << 11) ? DB_POS(6) : DB_NEG(6);
 
                noiseB_phase += noiseB_dPhase;
                noiseB_phase &= (0x10 << 11) - 1;
                int noiseB = noiseB_phase & (0x0A << 11) ? DB_POS(6) : DB_NEG(6);
 
                for (auto i : xrange(rythm_mode ? 6 : 9)) {
                        if (ch[i].slot[CAR].isActive()) {
                                bufs[i][sample] += ch[i].alg
                                        ? ch[i].slot[CAR].calc_slot_car(lfo_pm, lfo_am, 0) +
                                               ch[i].slot[MOD].calc_slot_mod(lfo_pm, lfo_am)
                                        : ch[i].slot[CAR].calc_slot_car(lfo_pm, lfo_am,
                                               ch[i].slot[MOD].calc_slot_mod(lfo_pm, lfo_am));
                        } else {
                                //bufs[i][sample] += 0;
                        }
                }
                if (rythm_mode) {
                        //bufs[6][sample] += 0;
                        //bufs[7][sample] += 0;
                        //bufs[8][sample] += 0;
 
                        // TODO wasn't in original source either
                        (void)ch[7].slot[MOD].calc_phase(lfo_pm);
                        (void)ch[8].slot[CAR].calc_phase(lfo_pm);
 
                        bufs[ 9][sample] += (ch[6].slot[CAR].isActive())
                                ? 2 * ch[6].slot[CAR].calc_slot_car(lfo_pm, lfo_am,
                                                    ch[6].slot[MOD].calc_slot_mod(lfo_pm, lfo_am))
                                : 0;
                        bufs[10][sample] += (ch[7].slot[CAR].isActive())
                                ? 2 * ch[7].slot[CAR].calc_slot_snare(lfo_pm, lfo_am, whitenoise)
                                : 0;
                        bufs[11][sample] += (ch[8].slot[CAR].isActive())
                                ? 2 * ch[8].slot[CAR].calc_slot_cym(lfo_am, noiseA, noiseB)
                                : 0;
                        bufs[12][sample] += (ch[7].slot[MOD].isActive())
                                ? 2 * ch[7].slot[MOD].calc_slot_hat(lfo_am, noiseA, noiseB, whitenoise)
                                : 0;
                        bufs[13][sample] += (ch[8].slot[MOD].isActive())
                                ? 2 * ch[8].slot[MOD].calc_slot_tom(lfo_pm, lfo_am)
                                : 0;
                } else {
                        //bufs[ 9] += 0;
                        //bufs[10] += 0;
                        //bufs[11] += 0;
                        //bufs[12] += 0;
                        //bufs[13] += 0;
                }
 
                bufs[14][sample] += adpcm.calcSample();
        }
}
 
//
// I/O Ctrl
//
 
void Y8950::writeReg(byte rg, byte data, EmuTime::param time)
{
        int sTbl[32] = {
                 0,  2,  4,  1,  3,  5, -1, -1,
                 6,  8, 10,  7,  9, 11, -1, -1,
                12, 14, 16, 13, 15, 17, -1, -1,
                -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1
        };
 
        // TODO only for registers that influence sound
        // TODO also ADPCM
        //if (rg >= 0x20) {
                // update the output buffer before changing the register
                updateStream(time);
        //}
 
        switch (rg & 0xe0) {
        case 0x00: {
                switch (rg) {
                case 0x01: // TEST
                        // TODO
                        // Y8950 MSX-AUDIO Test register $01 (write only)
                        //
                        // Bit Description
                        //
                        //  7  Reset LFOs - seems to force the LFOs to their initial
                        //     values (eg. maximum amplitude, zero phase deviation)
                        //
                        //  6  something to do with ADPCM - bit 0 of the status
                        //     register is affected by setting this bit (PCM BSY)
                        //
                        //  5  No effect? - Waveform select enable in YM3812 OPL2 so seems
                        //     reasonable that this bit wouldn't have been used in OPL
                        //
                        //  4  No effect?
                        //
                        //  3  Faster LFOs - increases the frequencies of the LFOs and
                        //     (maybe) the timers (cf. YM2151 test register)
                        //
                        //  2  Reset phase generators - No phase generator output, but
                        //     envelope generators still work (can hear a transient
                        //     when they are gated)
                        //
                        //  1  No effect?
                        //
                        //  0  Reset envelopes - Envelope generator outputs forced
                        //     to maximum, so all enabled voices sound at maximum
                        reg[rg] = data;
                        break;
 
                case 0x02: // TIMER1 (resolution 80us)
                        timer1->setValue(data);
                        reg[rg] = data;
                        break;
 
                case 0x03: // TIMER2 (resolution 320us)
                        timer2->setValue(data);
                        reg[rg] = data;
                        break;
 
                case 0x04: // FLAG CONTROL
                        if (data & Y8950::R04_IRQ_RESET) {
                                resetStatus(0x78);      // reset all flags
                        } else {
                                changeStatusMask((~data) & 0x78);
                                timer1->setStart((data & Y8950::R04_ST1) != 0, time);
                                timer2->setStart((data & Y8950::R04_ST2) != 0, time);
                                reg[rg] = data;
                        }
                        adpcm.resetStatus();
                        break;
 
                case 0x06: // (KEYBOARD OUT)
                        connector.write(data, time);
                        reg[rg] = data;
                        break;
 
                case 0x07: // START/REC/MEM DATA/REPEAT/SP-OFF/-/-/RESET
                        periphery.setSPOFF((data & 8) != 0, time); // bit 3
                        [[fallthrough]];
 
                case 0x08: // CSM/KEY BOARD SPLIT/-/-/SAMPLE/DA AD/64K/ROM
                case 0x09: // START ADDRESS (L)
                case 0x0A: // START ADDRESS (H)
                case 0x0B: // STOP ADDRESS (L)
                case 0x0C: // STOP ADDRESS (H)
                case 0x0D: // PRESCALE (L)
                case 0x0E: // PRESCALE (H)
                case 0x0F: // ADPCM-DATA
                case 0x10: // DELTA-N (L)
                case 0x11: // DELTA-N (H)
                case 0x12: // ENVELOP CONTROL
                case 0x1A: // PCM-DATA
                        reg[rg] = data;
                        adpcm.writeReg(rg, data, time);
                        break;
 
                case 0x15: // DAC-DATA  (bit9-2)
                        reg[rg] = data;
                        if (reg[0x08] & 0x04) {
                                int tmp = static_cast<signed char>(reg[0x15]) * 256
                                        + reg[0x16];
                                tmp = (tmp * 4) >> (7 - reg[0x17]);
                                tmp = Math::clipIntToShort(tmp);
                                dac13.writeDAC(tmp, time);
                        }
                        break;
                case 0x16: //           (bit1-0)
                        reg[rg] = data & 0xC0;
                        break;
                case 0x17: //           (exponent)
                        reg[rg] = data & 0x07;
                        break;
 
                case 0x18: // I/O-CONTROL (bit3-0)
                        // 0 -> input
                        // 1 -> output
                        reg[rg] = data;
                        periphery.write(reg[0x18], reg[0x19], time);
                        break;
 
                case 0x19: // I/O-DATA (bit3-0)
                        reg[rg] = data;
                        periphery.write(reg[0x18], reg[0x19], time);
                        break;
                }
                break;
        }
        case 0x20: {
                int s = sTbl[rg & 0x1f];
                if (s >= 0) {
                        auto& chan = ch[s / 2];
                        auto& slot = chan.slot[s & 1];
                        slot.patch.AM = (data >> 7) &  1;
                        slot.patch.PM = (data >> 6) &  1;
                        slot.patch.EG = (data >> 5) &  1;
                        slot.patch.setKeyScaleRate((data & 0x10) != 0);
                        slot.patch.ML = (data >> 0) & 15;
                        slot.updateAll(chan.freq);
                }
                reg[rg] = data;
                break;
        }
        case 0x40: {
                int s = sTbl[rg & 0x1f];
                if (s >= 0) {
                        auto& chan = ch[s / 2];
                        auto& slot = chan.slot[s & 1];
                        slot.patch.KL = (data >> 6) &  3;
                        slot.patch.TL = (data >> 0) & 63;
                        slot.updateAll(chan.freq);
                }
                reg[rg] = data;
                break;
        }
        case 0x60: {
                int s = sTbl[rg & 0x1f];
                if (s >= 0) {
                        auto& slot = ch[s / 2].slot[s & 1];
                        slot.patch.AR = (data >> 4) & 15;
                        slot.patch.DR = (data >> 0) & 15;
                        slot.updateEG();
                }
                reg[rg] = data;
                break;
        }
        case 0x80: {
                int s = sTbl[rg & 0x1f];
                if (s >= 0) {
                        auto& slot = ch[s / 2].slot[s & 1];
                        slot.patch.SL = (data >> 4) & 15;
                        slot.patch.RR = (data >> 0) & 15;
                        slot.updateEG();
                }
                reg[rg] = data;
                break;
        }
        case 0xa0: {
                if (rg == 0xbd) {
                        am_mode = (data & 0x80) != 0;
                        pm_mode = (data & 0x40) != 0;
 
                        setRythmMode(data);
                        if (rythm_mode) {
                                if (data & 0x10) keyOn_BD();  else keyOff_BD();
                                if (data & 0x08) keyOn_SD();  else keyOff_SD();
                                if (data & 0x04) keyOn_TOM(); else keyOff_TOM();
                                if (data & 0x02) keyOn_CYM(); else keyOff_CYM();
                                if (data & 0x01) keyOn_HH();  else keyOff_HH();
                        }
                        ch[6].slot[MOD].updateAll(ch[6].freq);
                        ch[6].slot[CAR].updateAll(ch[6].freq);
                        ch[7].slot[MOD].updateAll(ch[7].freq);
                        ch[7].slot[CAR].updateAll(ch[7].freq);
                        ch[8].slot[MOD].updateAll(ch[8].freq);
                        ch[8].slot[CAR].updateAll(ch[8].freq);
 
                        reg[rg] = data;
                        break;
                }
                unsigned c = rg & 0x0f;
                if (c > 8) {
                        // 0xa9-0xaf 0xb9-0xbf
                        break;
                }
                unsigned freq = [&] {
                        if (!(rg & 0x10)) {
                                // 0xa0-0xa8
                                return data | ((reg[rg + 0x10] & 0x1F) << 8);
                        } else {
                                // 0xb0-0xb8
                                if (data & 0x20) {
                                        ch[c].keyOn (KEY_MAIN);
                                } else {
                                        ch[c].keyOff(KEY_MAIN);
                                }
                                return reg[rg - 0x10] | ((data & 0x1F) << 8);
                        }
                }();
                ch[c].setFreq(freq);
                unsigned fNum  = freq % 1024;
                unsigned block = freq / 1024;
                switch (c) {
                case 7: noiseA_dPhase = fNum << block;
                        break;
                case 8: noiseB_dPhase = fNum << block;
                        break;
                }
                ch[c].slot[CAR].updateAll(freq);
                ch[c].slot[MOD].updateAll(freq);
                reg[rg] = data;
                break;
        }
        case 0xc0: {
                if (rg > 0xc8)
                        break;
                int c = rg - 0xC0;
                ch[c].slot[MOD].patch.setFeedbackShift((data >> 1) & 7);
                ch[c].alg = data & 1;
                reg[rg] = data;
        }
        }
}
 
byte Y8950::readReg(byte rg, EmuTime::param time)
{
        updateStream(time); // TODO only when necessary
 
        switch (rg) {
                case 0x0F: // ADPCM-DATA
                case 0x13: //  ???
                case 0x14: //  ???
                case 0x1A: // PCM-DATA
                        return adpcm.readReg(rg, time);
                default:
                        return peekReg(rg, time);
        }
}
 
byte Y8950::peekReg(byte rg, EmuTime::param time) const
{
        switch (rg) {
                case 0x05: // (KEYBOARD IN)
                        return connector.peek(time);
 
                case 0x0F: // ADPCM-DATA
                case 0x13: //  ???
                case 0x14: //  ???
                case 0x1A: // PCM-DATA
                        return adpcm.peekReg(rg, time);
 
                case 0x19: { // I/O DATA
                        byte input = periphery.read(time);
                        byte output = reg[0x19];
                        byte enable = reg[0x18];
                        return (output & enable) | (input & ~enable) | 0xF0;
                }
                default:
                        return reg[rg];
        }
}
 
byte Y8950::readStatus(EmuTime::param time) const
{
        byte result = peekStatus(time);
        //std::cout << "status: " << (int)result << '\n';
        return result;
}
 
byte Y8950::peekStatus(EmuTime::param time) const
{
        const_cast<Y8950Adpcm&>(adpcm).sync(time);
        return (status & (0x87 | statusMask)) | 0x06; // bit 1 and 2 are always 1
}
 
void Y8950::callback(byte flag)
{
        setStatus(flag);
}
 
void Y8950::setStatus(byte flags)
{
        status |= flags;
        if (status & statusMask) {
                status |= 0x80;
                irq.set();
        }
}
void Y8950::resetStatus(byte flags)
{
        status &= ~flags;
        if (!(status & statusMask)) {
                status &= 0x7f;
                irq.reset();
        }
}
byte Y8950::peekRawStatus() const
{
        return status;
}
void Y8950::changeStatusMask(byte newMask)
{
        statusMask = newMask;
        status &= 0x87 | statusMask;
        if (status & statusMask) {
                status |= 0x80;
                irq.set();
        } else {
                status &= 0x7f;
                irq.reset();
        }
}
 
 
template<typename Archive>
void Y8950::Patch::serialize(Archive& ar, unsigned /*version*/)
{
        ar.serialize("AM", AM,
                     "PM", PM,
                     "EG", EG,
                     "KR", KR,
                     "ML", ML,
                     "KL", KL,
                     "TL", TL,
                     "FB", FB,
                     "AR", AR,
                     "DR", DR,
                     "SL", SL,
                     "RR", RR);
}
 
static constexpr std::initializer_list<enum_string<Y8950::EnvelopeState>> envelopeStateInfo = {
        { "ATTACK",  Y8950::ATTACK  },
        { "DECAY",   Y8950::DECAY   },
        { "SUSTAIN", Y8950::SUSTAIN },
        { "RELEASE", Y8950::RELEASE },
        { "FINISH",  Y8950::FINISH  }
};
SERIALIZE_ENUM(Y8950::EnvelopeState, envelopeStateInfo);
 
// version 1: initial version
// version 2: 'slotStatus' is replaced with 'key' and no longer serialized
//            instead it's recalculated via update_key_status()
// version 3: serialize 'eg_mode' as an enum instead of an int, also merged
//            the 2 enum values SUSHOLD and SUSTINE into SUSTAIN
template<typename Archive>
void Y8950::Slot::serialize(Archive& ar, unsigned version)
{
        ar.serialize("feedback", feedback,
                     "output",   output,
                     "phase",    phase,
                     "eg_phase", eg_phase,
                     "patch",    patch);
        if (ar.versionAtLeast(version, 3)) {
                ar.serialize("eg_mode", eg_mode);
        } else {
                assert(Archive::IS_LOADER);
                int tmp = 0; // dummy init to avoid warning
                ar.serialize("eg_mode", tmp);
                switch (tmp) {
                        case 0:  eg_mode = ATTACK;  break;
                        case 1:  eg_mode = DECAY;   break;
                        case 2:  eg_mode = SUSTAIN; break; // was SUSHOLD
                        case 3:  eg_mode = SUSTAIN; break; // was SUSTINE
                        case 4:  eg_mode = RELEASE; break;
                        default: eg_mode = FINISH;  break;
                }
        }
 
        // These are restored by call to updateAll() in Y8950::Channel::serialize()
        //  dPhase, tll, dPhaseARTableRks, dPhaseDRTableRks, eg_dPhase
        // These are restored by update_key_status():
        //  key
}
 
template<typename Archive>
void Y8950::Channel::serialize(Archive& ar, unsigned /*version*/)
{
        ar.serialize("mod",  slot[MOD],
                     "car",  slot[CAR],
                     "freq", freq,
                     "alg",  alg);
 
        if constexpr (Archive::IS_LOADER) {
                slot[MOD].updateAll(freq);
                slot[CAR].updateAll(freq);
        }
}
 
template<typename Archive>
void Y8950::serialize(Archive& ar, unsigned /*version*/)
{
        ar.serialize("keyboardConnector", connector,
                     "adpcm",             adpcm,
                     "timer1",            *timer1,
                     "timer2",            *timer2,
                     "irq",               irq);
        ar.serialize_blob("registers", reg, sizeof(reg));
        ar.serialize("pm_phase",      pm_phase,
                     "am_phase",      am_phase,
                     "noise_seed",    noise_seed,
                     "noiseA_phase",  noiseA_phase,
                     "noiseB_phase",  noiseB_phase,
                     "noiseA_dphase", noiseA_dPhase,
                     "noiseB_dphase", noiseB_dPhase,
                     "channels",      ch,
                     "status",        status,
                     "statusMask",    statusMask,
                     "rythm_mode",    rythm_mode,
                     "am_mode",       am_mode,
                     "pm_mode",       pm_mode,
                     "enabled",       enabled);
 
        if constexpr (Archive::IS_LOADER) {
                // TODO restore more state from registers
                static constexpr byte rewriteRegs[] = {
                        6,       // connector
                        15,      // dac13
                };
 
                update_key_status();
                EmuTime::param time = motherBoard.getCurrentTime();
                for (auto r : rewriteRegs) {
                        writeReg(r, reg[r], time);
                }
        }
}
 
 
// SimpleDebuggable
 
Y8950::Debuggable::Debuggable(MSXMotherBoard& motherBoard_,
                              const std::string& name_)
        : SimpleDebuggable(motherBoard_, name_ + " regs", "MSX-AUDIO", 0x100)
{
}
 
byte Y8950::Debuggable::read(unsigned address, EmuTime::param time)
{
        auto& y8950 = OUTER(Y8950, debuggable);
        return y8950.peekReg(address, time);
}
 
void Y8950::Debuggable::write(unsigned address, byte value, EmuTime::param time)
{
        auto& y8950 = OUTER(Y8950, debuggable);
        y8950.writeReg(address, value, time);
}
 
INSTANTIATE_SERIALIZE_METHODS(Y8950);
SERIALIZE_CLASS_VERSION(Y8950::Slot, 3);
 
} // namespace openmsx