SN76489.cc

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#include "SN76489.hh"
#include "DeviceConfig.hh"
#include "Math.hh"
#include "cstd.hh"
#include "narrow.hh"
#include "one_of.hh"
#include "outer.hh"
#include "ranges.hh"
#include "serialize.hh"
#include "unreachable.hh"
#include "xrange.hh"
#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <cassert>
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
 
namespace openmsx {
 
// The SN76489 divides the clock input by 8, but all users of the clock apply
// another divider of 2.
static constexpr auto NATIVE_FREQ_INT = unsigned(cstd::round((3579545.0 / 8) / 2));
 
static constexpr auto volTable = [] {
        std::array<float, 16> result = {};
        // 2dB per step -> 0.2, sqrt for amplitude -> 0.5
        double factor = cstd::pow<5, 3>(0.1, 0.2 * 0.5);
        double out = 32768.0;
        for (auto i : xrange(15)) {
                result[i] = narrow_cast<float>(cstd::round(out));
                out *= factor;
        }
        result[15] = 0.0f;
        return result;
}();
 
 
// NoiseShifter:
 
inline void SN76489::NoiseShifter::initState(unsigned pattern_,
                                             unsigned period_)
{
        pattern = pattern_;
        period = period_;
        stepsBehind = 0;
 
        // Start with only the top bit set.
        unsigned allOnes = Math::floodRight(pattern_);
        random = allOnes - (allOnes >> 1);
}
 
inline unsigned SN76489::NoiseShifter::getOutput() const
{
        return ~random & 1;
}
 
inline void SN76489::NoiseShifter::advance()
{
        random = (random >> 1) ^ ((random & 1) ? pattern : 0);
}
 
inline void SN76489::NoiseShifter::queueAdvance(unsigned steps)
{
        stepsBehind += steps;
        stepsBehind %= period;
}
 
void SN76489::NoiseShifter::catchUp()
{
        for (; stepsBehind; stepsBehind--) {
                advance();
        }
}
 
template<typename Archive>
void SN76489::NoiseShifter::serialize(Archive& ar, unsigned /*version*/)
{
        // Make sure there are no queued steps, so we don't have to serialize them.
        // If we're loading, initState() already set stepsBehind to 0.
        if constexpr (!Archive::IS_LOADER) {
                catchUp();
        }
        assert(stepsBehind == 0);
 
        // Don't serialize the pattern and noise period; they are initialized by
        // the chip class.
        ar.serialize("random", random);
}
 
// Main class:
 
SN76489::SN76489(const DeviceConfig& config)
        : ResampledSoundDevice(config.getMotherBoard(), "SN76489", "DCSG", 4, NATIVE_FREQ_INT, false)
        , debuggable(config.getMotherBoard(), getName())
{
        if (false) {
                std::cout << "volTable:";
                for (const auto& e : volTable) std::cout << ' ' << e;
                std::cout << '\n';
        }
        initState();
 
        registerSound(config);
}
 
SN76489::~SN76489()
{
        unregisterSound();
}
 
void SN76489::initState()
{
        registerLatch = 0; // TODO: 3 for Sega.
 
        // The Sega integrated versions start zeroed (max volume), while discrete
        // chips seem to start with random values (for lack of a reset pin).
        // For the user's comfort, we init to silence instead.
        for (auto chan : xrange(4)) {
                regs[chan * 2 + 0] = 0x0;
                regs[chan * 2 + 1] = 0xF;
        }
        ranges::fill(counters, 0);
        ranges::fill(outputs, 0);
 
        initNoise();
}
 
void SN76489::initNoise()
{
        // Note: These are the noise patterns for the SN76489A.
        //       Other chip variants have different noise patterns.
        unsigned period = (regs[6] & 0x4)
                        ? ((1 << 15) - 1) // "White" noise: pseudo-random bit sequence.
                        : 15;          // "Periodic" noise: produces a square wave with a short duty cycle.
        unsigned pattern = (regs[6] & 0x4)
                         ? 0x6000
                         : (1 << (period - 1));
        noiseShifter.initState(pattern, period);
}
 
void SN76489::reset(EmuTime::param time)
{
        updateStream(time);
        initState();
}
 
void SN76489::write(byte value, EmuTime::param time)
{
        if (value & 0x80) {
                registerLatch = (value & 0x70) >> 4;
        }
        auto& reg = regs[registerLatch];
 
        auto data = [&]() -> word {
                switch (registerLatch) {
                case 0:
                case 2:
                case 4:
                        // Tone period.
                        if (value & 0x80) {
                                return word((reg & 0x3F0) | ((value & 0x0F) << 0));
                        }  else {
                                return word((reg & 0x00F) | ((value & 0x3F) << 4));
                        }
                case 6:
                        // Noise control.
                        return value & 0x07;
                case 1:
                case 3:
                case 5:
                case 7:
                        // Attenuation.
                        return value & 0x0F;
                default:
                        UNREACHABLE;
                }
        }();
 
        // TODO: Warn about access while chip is not ready.
 
        writeRegister(registerLatch, data, time);
}
 
word SN76489::peekRegister(unsigned reg, EmuTime::param /*time*/) const
{
        // Note: None of the register values will change unless a register is
        //       written, so we don't need to sync here.
        return regs[reg];
}
 
void SN76489::writeRegister(unsigned reg, word value, EmuTime::param time)
{
        if (reg == 6 || regs[reg] != value) {
                updateStream(time);
                regs[reg] = value;
                if (reg == 6) {
                        // Every write to register 6 resets the noise shift register.
                        initNoise();
                }
        }
}
 
/*
 * Implementation note for noise mode 3:
 *
 * In this mode, the shift register is advanced when the tone generator #3
 * output flips to 1. We emulate this by synthesizing the noise channel using
 * that generator before synthesizing its tone channel, but without committing
 * the updated state. This ensures that the noise channel and the third tone
 * channel are in phase, but do end up in their own separate mixing buffers.
 */
 
template<bool NOISE> void SN76489::synthesizeChannel(
                float*& buffer, unsigned num, unsigned generator)
{
        unsigned period = [&] {
                if (generator == 3) {
                        // Noise channel using its own generator.
                        return unsigned(16 << (regs[6] & 3));
                } else {
                        // Tone or noise channel using a tone generator.
                        unsigned p = regs[2 * generator];
                        if (p == 0) {
                                // TODO: Sega variants have a non-flipping output for period 0.
                                p = 0x400;
                        }
                        return p;
                }
        }();
 
        auto output = outputs[generator];
        unsigned counter = counters[generator];
 
        unsigned channel = NOISE ? 3 : generator;
        auto volume = volTable[regs[2 * channel + 1]];
        if (volume == 0.0f) {
                // Channel is silent, don't synthesize it.
                buffer = nullptr;
        }
        if (buffer) {
                // Synthesize channel.
                if constexpr (NOISE) {
                        noiseShifter.catchUp();
                }
                auto* buf = buffer;
                unsigned remaining = num;
                while (remaining != 0) {
                        if (counter == 0) {
                                output ^= 1;
                                counter = period;
                                if (NOISE && output) {
                                        noiseShifter.advance();
                                }
                        }
                        unsigned ticks = std::min(counter, remaining);
                        if (NOISE ? noiseShifter.getOutput() : output) {
                                addFill(buf, volume, ticks);
                        } else {
                                buf += ticks;
                        }
                        counter -= ticks;
                        remaining -= ticks;
                }
        } else {
                // Advance state without synthesis.
                if (counter >= num) {
                        counter -= num;
                } else {
                        unsigned remaining = num - counter;
                        output ^= 1; // partial cycle
                        unsigned cycles = (remaining - 1) / period;
                        if constexpr (NOISE) {
                                noiseShifter.queueAdvance((cycles + output) / 2);
                        }
                        output ^= cycles & 1; // full cycles
                        remaining -= cycles * period;
                        counter = period - remaining;
                }
        }
 
        if (!NOISE || generator == 3) {
                outputs[generator] = output;
                counters[generator] = narrow_cast<word>(counter);
        }
}
 
void SN76489::generateChannels(std::span<float*> buffers, unsigned num)
{
        // Channel 3: noise.
        if ((regs[6] & 3) == 3) {
                // Use the tone generator #3 (channel 2) output.
                synthesizeChannel<true>(buffers[3], num, 2);
                // Assume the noise phase counter and output bit keep updating even
                // if they are currently not driving the noise shift register.
                float* noBuffer = nullptr;
                synthesizeChannel<false>(noBuffer, num, 3);
        } else {
                // Use the channel 3 generator output.
                synthesizeChannel<true>(buffers[3], num, 3);
        }
 
        // Channels 0, 1, 2: tone.
        for (auto channel : xrange(3)) {
                synthesizeChannel<false>(buffers[channel], num, channel);
        }
}
 
template<typename Archive>
void SN76489::serialize(Archive& ar, unsigned version)
{
        ar.serialize("regs",          regs,
                     "registerLatch", registerLatch,
                     "counters",      counters,
                     "outputs",       outputs);
 
        if constexpr (Archive::IS_LOADER) {
                // Initialize the computed NoiseShifter members, based on the
                // register contents we just loaded, before we load the shift
                // register state.
                initNoise();
        }
        // Serialize the noise shift register state as part of the chip: there is
        // no need to reflect our class structure in the serialization.
        noiseShifter.serialize(ar, version);
}
INSTANTIATE_SERIALIZE_METHODS(SN76489);
 
// Debuggable
 
// The frequency registers are 10 bits wide, so we have to split them over
// two debuggable entries.
static constexpr std::array SN76489_DEBUG_MAP = {
        std::array<byte, 2>{0, 0},
        std::array<byte, 2>{0, 1},
        std::array<byte, 2>{1, 0},
        std::array<byte, 2>{2, 0},
        std::array<byte, 2>{2, 1},
        std::array<byte, 2>{3, 0},
        std::array<byte, 2>{4, 0},
        std::array<byte, 2>{4, 1},
        std::array<byte, 2>{5, 0},
        std::array<byte, 2>{6, 0},
        std::array<byte, 2>{7, 0},
};
 
SN76489::Debuggable::Debuggable(MSXMotherBoard& motherBoard_, const std::string& name_)
        : SimpleDebuggable(
                motherBoard_, name_ + " regs",
                "SN76489 regs - note the period regs are split over two entries", 11)
{
}
 
byte SN76489::Debuggable::read(unsigned address, EmuTime::param time)
{
        auto [reg, hi] = SN76489_DEBUG_MAP[address];
 
        auto& sn76489 = OUTER(SN76489, debuggable);
        word data = sn76489.peekRegister(reg, time);
        return hi ? narrow_cast<byte>(data >> 4)
                  : narrow_cast<byte>(data & 0xF);
}
 
void SN76489::Debuggable::write(unsigned address, byte value, EmuTime::param time)
{
        auto reg = SN76489_DEBUG_MAP[address][0];
        auto hi  = SN76489_DEBUG_MAP[address][1];
 
        auto& sn76489 = OUTER(SN76489, debuggable);
        auto data = [&]() -> word {
                if (reg == one_of(0, 2, 4)) {
                        word d = sn76489.peekRegister(reg, time);
                        if (hi) {
                                return word(((value & 0x3F) << 4) | (d & 0x0F));
                        } else {
                                return word((d & 0x3F0) | (value & 0x0F));
                        }
                } else {
                        return value & 0x0F;
                }
        }();
        sn76489.writeRegister(reg, data, time);
}
 
} // namespace openmsx