V9990BitmapConverter.cc

Go to the documentation of this file.

#include "V9990BitmapConverter.hh"
#include "V9990VRAM.hh"
#include "V9990.hh"
#include "unreachable.hh"
#include "narrow.hh"
#include <array>
#include <cassert>
#include <cstdint>
#include <concepts>
 
namespace openmsx {
 
V9990BitmapConverter::V9990BitmapConverter(
                V9990& vdp_,
                std::span<const Pixel,    64> palette64_,  std::span<const int16_t,  64> palette64_32768_,
                std::span<const Pixel,   256> palette256_, std::span<const int16_t, 256> palette256_32768_,
                std::span<const Pixel, 32768> palette32768_)
        : vdp(vdp_), vram(vdp.getVRAM())
        , palette64 (palette64_ ), palette64_32768 (palette64_32768_ )
        , palette256(palette256_), palette256_32768(palette256_32768_)
        , palette32768(palette32768_)
{
        setColorMode(PP, B0); // initialize with dummy values
}
 
template<bool YJK, bool PAL, bool SKIP, std::unsigned_integral Pixel, typename ColorLookup>
static inline void draw_YJK_YUV_PAL(
        ColorLookup color, V9990VRAM& vram,
        Pixel* __restrict& out, unsigned& address, int firstX = 0)
{
        std::array<byte, 4> data;
        for (auto& d : data) {
                d = vram.readVRAMBx(address++);
        }
 
        int u = (data[2] & 7) + ((data[3] & 3) << 3) - ((data[3] & 4) << 3);
        int v = (data[0] & 7) + ((data[1] & 3) << 3) - ((data[1] & 4) << 3);
 
        for (auto i : xrange(SKIP ? firstX : 0, 4)) {
                if (PAL && (data[i] & 0x08)) {
                        *out++ = color.lookup64(data[i] >> 4);
                } else {
                        int y = (data[i] & 0xF8) >> 3;
                        int r = std::clamp(y + u,                   0, 31);
                        int g = std::clamp((5 * y - 2 * u - v) / 4, 0, 31);
                        int b = std::clamp(y + v,                   0, 31);
                        // The only difference between YUV and YJK is that
                        // green and blue are swapped.
                        if constexpr (YJK) std::swap(g, b);
                        *out++ = color.lookup32768((g << 10) + (r << 5) + b);
                }
        }
}
 
template<std::unsigned_integral Pixel, typename ColorLookup>
static void rasterBYUV(
        ColorLookup color, V9990& vdp, V9990VRAM& vram,
        std::span<Pixel> buf, unsigned x, unsigned y)
{
        Pixel* __restrict out = buf.data();
        int nrPixels = narrow<int>(buf.size());
        unsigned address = (x & ~3) + y * vdp.getImageWidth();
        if (x & 3) {
                draw_YJK_YUV_PAL<false, false, true>(
                        color, vram, out, address, x & 3);
                nrPixels -= narrow<int>(4 - (x & 3));
        }
        for (; nrPixels > 0; nrPixels -= 4) {
                draw_YJK_YUV_PAL<false, false, false>(
                        color, vram, out, address);
        }
        // Note: this can draw up to 3 pixels too many, but that's ok.
}
 
template<std::unsigned_integral Pixel, typename ColorLookup>
static void rasterBYUVP(
        ColorLookup color, V9990& vdp, V9990VRAM& vram,
        std::span<Pixel> buf, unsigned x, unsigned y)
{
        // TODO this mode cannot be shown in B4 and higher resolution modes
        //      (So the dual palette for B4 modes is not an issue here.)
        Pixel* __restrict out = buf.data();
        int nrPixels = narrow<int>(buf.size());
        unsigned address = (x & ~3) + y * vdp.getImageWidth();
        if (x & 3) {
                draw_YJK_YUV_PAL<false, true, true>(
                        color, vram, out, address, x & 3);
                nrPixels -= narrow<int>(4 - (x & 3));
        }
        for (; nrPixels > 0; nrPixels -= 4) {
                draw_YJK_YUV_PAL<false, true, false>(
                        color, vram, out, address);
        }
        // Note: this can draw up to 3 pixels too many, but that's ok.
}
 
template<std::unsigned_integral Pixel, typename ColorLookup>
static void rasterBYJK(
        ColorLookup color, V9990& vdp, V9990VRAM& vram,
        std::span<Pixel> buf, unsigned x, unsigned y)
{
        Pixel* __restrict out = buf.data();
        int nrPixels = narrow<int>(buf.size());
        unsigned address = (x & ~3) + y * vdp.getImageWidth();
        if (x & 3) {
                draw_YJK_YUV_PAL<true, false, true>(
                        color, vram, out, address, x & 3);
                nrPixels -= narrow<int>(4 - (x & 3));
        }
        for (; nrPixels > 0; nrPixels -= 4) {
                draw_YJK_YUV_PAL<true, false, false>(
                        color, vram, out, address);
        }
        // Note: this can draw up to 3 pixels too many, but that's ok.
}
 
template<std::unsigned_integral Pixel, typename ColorLookup>
static void rasterBYJKP(
        ColorLookup color, V9990& vdp, V9990VRAM& vram,
        std::span<Pixel> buf, unsigned x, unsigned y)
{
        // TODO this mode cannot be shown in B4 and higher resolution modes
        //      (So the dual palette for B4 modes is not an issue here.)
        Pixel* __restrict out = buf.data();
        int nrPixels = narrow<int>(buf.size());
        unsigned address = (x & ~3) + y * vdp.getImageWidth();
        if (x & 3) {
                draw_YJK_YUV_PAL<true, true, true>(
                        color, vram, out, address, x & 3);
                nrPixels -= narrow<int>(4 - (x & 3));
        }
        for (; nrPixels > 0; nrPixels -= 4) {
                draw_YJK_YUV_PAL<true, true, false>(
                        color, vram, out, address);
        }
        // Note: this can draw up to 3 pixels too many, but that's ok.
}
 
template<std::unsigned_integral Pixel, typename ColorLookup>
static void rasterBD16(
        ColorLookup color, V9990& vdp, V9990VRAM& vram,
        std::span<Pixel> buf, unsigned x, unsigned y)
{
        Pixel* __restrict out = buf.data();
        int nrPixels = narrow<int>(buf.size());
        unsigned address = 2 * (x + y * vdp.getImageWidth());
        if (vdp.isSuperimposing()) {
                auto transparent = color.lookup256(0);
                for (; nrPixels > 0; --nrPixels) {
                        byte high = vram.readVRAMBx(address + 1);
                        if (high & 0x80) {
                                *out = transparent;
                        } else {
                                byte low  = vram.readVRAMBx(address + 0);
                                *out = color.lookup32768(low + 256 * high);
                        }
                        address += 2;
                        out += 1;
                }
        } else {
                for (; nrPixels > 0; --nrPixels) {
                        byte low  = vram.readVRAMBx(address++);
                        byte high = vram.readVRAMBx(address++);
                        *out++ = color.lookup32768((low + 256 * high) & 0x7FFF);
                }
        }
}
 
template<std::unsigned_integral Pixel, typename ColorLookup>
static void rasterBD8(
        ColorLookup color, V9990& vdp, V9990VRAM& vram,
        std::span<Pixel> buf, unsigned x, unsigned y)
{
        Pixel* __restrict out = buf.data();
        int nrPixels = narrow<int>(buf.size());
        unsigned address = x + y * vdp.getImageWidth();
        for (; nrPixels > 0; --nrPixels) {
                *out++ = color.lookup256(vram.readVRAMBx(address++));
        }
}
 
template<std::unsigned_integral Pixel, typename ColorLookup>
static void rasterBP6(
        ColorLookup color, V9990& vdp, V9990VRAM& vram,
        std::span<Pixel> buf, unsigned x, unsigned y)
{
        Pixel* __restrict out = buf.data();
        int nrPixels = narrow<int>(buf.size());
        unsigned address = x + y * vdp.getImageWidth();
        for (; nrPixels > 0; --nrPixels) {
                *out++ = color.lookup64(vram.readVRAMBx(address++) & 0x3F);
        }
}
 
template<std::unsigned_integral Pixel, typename ColorLookup>
static void rasterBP4(
        ColorLookup color, V9990& vdp, V9990VRAM& vram,
        std::span<Pixel> buf, unsigned x, unsigned y)
{
        Pixel* __restrict out = buf.data();
        int nrPixels = narrow<int>(buf.size());
        assert(nrPixels > 0);
        unsigned address = (x + y * vdp.getImageWidth()) / 2;
        color.set64Offset((vdp.getPaletteOffset() & 0xC) << 2);
        if (x & 1) {
                byte data = vram.readVRAMBx(address++);
                *out++ = color.lookup64(data & 0x0F);
                --nrPixels;
        }
        for (; nrPixels > 0; nrPixels -= 2) {
                byte data = vram.readVRAMBx(address++);
                *out++ = color.lookup64(data >> 4);
                *out++ = color.lookup64(data & 0x0F);
        }
        // Note: this possibly draws 1 pixel too many, but that's ok.
}
template<std::unsigned_integral Pixel, typename ColorLookup>
static void rasterBP4HiRes(
        ColorLookup color, V9990& vdp, V9990VRAM& vram,
        std::span<Pixel> buf, unsigned x, unsigned y)
{
        // Verified on real HW:
        //   Bit PLT05 in palette offset is ignored, instead for even pixels
        //   bit 'PLT05' is '0', for odd pixels it's '1'.
        Pixel* __restrict out = buf.data();
        int nrPixels = narrow<int>(buf.size());
        unsigned address = (x + y * vdp.getImageWidth()) / 2;
        color.set64Offset((vdp.getPaletteOffset() & 0x4) << 2);
        if (x & 1) {
                byte data = vram.readVRAMBx(address++);
                *out++ = color.lookup64(32 | (data & 0x0F));
                --nrPixels;
        }
        for (; nrPixels > 0; nrPixels -= 2) {
                byte data = vram.readVRAMBx(address++);
                *out++ = color.lookup64( 0 | (data >> 4  ));
                *out++ = color.lookup64(32 | (data & 0x0F));
        }
        // Note: this possibly draws 1 pixel too many, but that's ok.
}
 
template<std::unsigned_integral Pixel, typename ColorLookup>
static void rasterBP2(
        ColorLookup color, V9990& vdp, V9990VRAM& vram,
        std::span<Pixel> buf, unsigned x, unsigned y)
{
        Pixel* __restrict out = buf.data();
        int nrPixels = narrow<int>(buf.size());
        assert(nrPixels > 0);
        unsigned address = (x + y * vdp.getImageWidth()) / 4;
        color.set64Offset(vdp.getPaletteOffset() << 2);
        if (x & 3) {
                byte data = vram.readVRAMBx(address++);
                if ((x & 3) <= 1) *out++ = color.lookup64((data & 0x30) >> 4);
                if ((x & 3) <= 2) *out++ = color.lookup64((data & 0x0C) >> 2);
                if (true)         *out++ = color.lookup64((data & 0x03) >> 0);
                nrPixels -= narrow<int>(4 - (x & 3));
        }
        for (; nrPixels > 0; nrPixels -= 4) {
                byte data = vram.readVRAMBx(address++);
                *out++ = color.lookup64((data & 0xC0) >> 6);
                *out++ = color.lookup64((data & 0x30) >> 4);
                *out++ = color.lookup64((data & 0x0C) >> 2);
                *out++ = color.lookup64((data & 0x03) >> 0);
        }
        // Note: this can draw up to 3 pixels too many, but that's ok.
}
template<std::unsigned_integral Pixel, typename ColorLookup>
static void rasterBP2HiRes(
        ColorLookup color, V9990& vdp, V9990VRAM& vram,
        std::span<Pixel> buf, unsigned x, unsigned y)
{
        // Verified on real HW:
        //   Bit PLT05 in palette offset is ignored, instead for even pixels
        //   bit 'PLT05' is '0', for odd pixels it's '1'.
        Pixel* __restrict out = buf.data();
        int nrPixels = narrow<int>(buf.size());
        assert(nrPixels > 0);
        unsigned address = (x + y * vdp.getImageWidth()) / 4;
        color.set64Offset((vdp.getPaletteOffset() & 0x7) << 2);
        if (x & 3) {
                byte data = vram.readVRAMBx(address++);
                if ((x & 3) <= 1) *out++ = color.lookup64(32 | ((data & 0x30) >> 4));
                if ((x & 3) <= 2) *out++ = color.lookup64( 0 | ((data & 0x0C) >> 2));
                if (true)         *out++ = color.lookup64(32 | ((data & 0x03) >> 0));
                nrPixels -= narrow<int>(4 - (x & 3));
        }
        for (; nrPixels > 0; nrPixels -= 4) {
                byte data = vram.readVRAMBx(address++);
                *out++ = color.lookup64( 0 | ((data & 0xC0) >> 6));
                *out++ = color.lookup64(32 | ((data & 0x30) >> 4));
                *out++ = color.lookup64( 0 | ((data & 0x0C) >> 2));
                *out++ = color.lookup64(32 | ((data & 0x03) >> 0));
        }
        // Note: this can draw up to 3 pixels too many, but that's ok.
}
 
// Helper class to translate V9990 palette indices into host Pixel values.
template<std::unsigned_integral Pixel>
class PaletteLookup
{
public:
        PaletteLookup(std::span<const Pixel,    64> palette64_,
                      std::span<const Pixel,   256> palette256_,
                      std::span<const Pixel, 32768> palette32768_)
                : palette64Base(palette64_)
                , palette64(palette64_)
                , palette256(palette256_)
                , palette32768(palette32768_)
        {
        }
 
        void set64Offset(size_t offset) { palette64 = palette64Base.subspan(offset); }
        [[nodiscard]] Pixel lookup64   (size_t idx) const { return palette64   [idx]; }
        [[nodiscard]] Pixel lookup256  (size_t idx) const { return palette256  [idx]; }
        [[nodiscard]] Pixel lookup32768(size_t idx) const { return palette32768[idx]; }
 
private:
        std::span<const Pixel,    64> palette64Base;
        std::span<const Pixel>        palette64;
        std::span<const Pixel,   256> palette256;
        std::span<const Pixel, 32768> palette32768;
};
 
// Helper class to translate V9990 palette indices (64-entry, 256-entry and
// 32768-entry palettes) into V9990 32768-entry palette indices.
class IndexLookup
{
public:
        IndexLookup(std::span<const int16_t, 64> palette64_, std::span<const int16_t, 256> palette256_)
                : palette64_32768Base(palette64_)
                , palette64_32768(palette64_)
                , palette256_32768(palette256_)
        {
        }
 
        void set64Offset(size_t offset) { palette64_32768 = palette64_32768Base.subspan(offset); }
        [[nodiscard]] int16_t lookup64   (size_t idx) const { return palette64_32768 [idx]; }
        [[nodiscard]] int16_t lookup256  (size_t idx) const { return palette256_32768[idx]; }
        [[nodiscard]] int16_t lookup32768(size_t idx) const { return int16_t(idx); }
 
private:
        std::span<const int16_t,  64> palette64_32768Base;
        std::span<const int16_t>      palette64_32768;
        std::span<const int16_t, 256> palette256_32768;
};
 
template<std::unsigned_integral Pixel, typename ColorLookup>
static void raster(V9990ColorMode colorMode, bool highRes,
                   ColorLookup color, V9990& vdp, V9990VRAM& vram,
                   std::span<Pixel> out, unsigned x, unsigned y)
{
        switch (colorMode) {
        case BYUV:  return rasterBYUV <Pixel>(color, vdp, vram, out, x, y);
        case BYUVP: return rasterBYUVP<Pixel>(color, vdp, vram, out, x, y);
        case BYJK:  return rasterBYJK <Pixel>(color, vdp, vram, out, x, y);
        case BYJKP: return rasterBYJKP<Pixel>(color, vdp, vram, out, x, y);
        case BD16:  return rasterBD16 <Pixel>(color, vdp, vram, out, x, y);
        case BD8:   return rasterBD8  <Pixel>(color, vdp, vram, out, x, y);
        case BP6:   return rasterBP6  <Pixel>(color, vdp, vram, out, x, y);
        case BP4:   return highRes ? rasterBP4HiRes<Pixel>(color, vdp, vram, out, x, y)
                                   : rasterBP4     <Pixel>(color, vdp, vram, out, x, y);
        case BP2:   return highRes ? rasterBP2HiRes<Pixel>(color, vdp, vram, out, x, y)
                                   : rasterBP2     <Pixel>(color, vdp, vram, out, x, y);
        default:    UNREACHABLE;
        }
}
 
// Missing details in the V9990 application manual (reverse engineered from
// tests on a real gfx9000):
//  * Cursor 0 is drawn on top of cursor 1  (IOW cursor 0 has higher priority).
//    This remains the case when both cursors use the 'EOR' feature (it's not
//    so that EOR is applied twice).
//  * The CC1,CC0,EOR bits in the cursor attribute table work like this:
//     (CC1,CC0):
//       when (0,0): pick the resulting color from bitmap rendering (this is
//                   a 15 bit RGB value)
//       when (x,y): pick the color from palette with index R#28:x:y (this is
//                   also a 15 bit RGB color)
//     (EOR):
//       when 0: use the above color unchanged
//       when 1: flip all the bits in the above color (IOW XOR with 0x7fff)
//    From this follows:
//      (CC1,CC0,EOR)==(0,0,0):
//        Results in an invisible cursor: each pixel is colored the same as the
//        corresponding background pixel.
//      (CC1,CC0,EOR)==(0,0,1):
//        This is the only combination where the cursor is drawn using multiple
//        colors, each pixel is the complement of the corresponding background
//        pixel.
//      (CC1,CC0,EOR)==(x,y,0):
//        This is the 'usual' configuration, cursor is drawn with a specific
//        color from the palette (also when bitmap rendering is not using the
//        palette, e.g. YJK or BD8 mode).
//      (CC1,CC0,EOR)==(x,y,1):
//        This undocumented mode draws the cursor with a single color which is
//        the complement of a specific palette color.
class CursorInfo
{
public:
        CursorInfo(V9990& vdp, V9990VRAM& vram, std::span<const int16_t, 64> palette64_32768,
                   unsigned attrAddr, unsigned patAddr,
                   int displayY, bool drawCursor)
        {
                if (!drawCursor) return;
 
                unsigned attrY = vram.readVRAMBx(attrAddr + 0) +
                                (vram.readVRAMBx(attrAddr + 2) & 1) * 256;
                attrY += vdp.isInterlaced() ? 2 : 1; // 1 or 2 lines later
                unsigned cursorLine = (displayY - attrY) & 511;
                if (cursorLine >= 32) return;
 
                byte attr = vram.readVRAMBx(attrAddr + 6);
                if ((attr & 0x10) || ((attr & 0xe0) == 0x00)) {
                        // don't display
                        return;
                }
 
                pattern = (vram.readVRAMBx(patAddr + 4 * cursorLine + 0) << 24)
                        + (vram.readVRAMBx(patAddr + 4 * cursorLine + 1) << 16)
                        + (vram.readVRAMBx(patAddr + 4 * cursorLine + 2) <<  8)
                        + (vram.readVRAMBx(patAddr + 4 * cursorLine + 3) <<  0);
                if (pattern == 0) {
                        // optimization, completely transparent line
                        return;
                }
 
                // mark cursor visible
                x = vram.readVRAMBx(attrAddr + 4) + (attr & 3) * 256;
 
                doXor = (attr & 0xe0) == 0x20;
 
                auto colorIdx = vdp.getSpritePaletteOffset() + (attr >> 6);
                color = palette64_32768[colorIdx];
                if (attr & 0x20) color ^= 0x7fff;
        }
 
        [[nodiscard]] bool isVisible() const {
                return x != unsigned(-1);
        }
        [[nodiscard]] bool dot() const {
                return (x == 0) && (pattern & 0x80000000);
        }
        void shift() {
                if (x) {
                        --x;
                } else {
                        pattern <<= 1;
                }
        }
 
public:
        unsigned x{unsigned(-1)}; // not visible
        uint32_t pattern{0};
        int16_t color{0};
        bool doXor{false};
};
 
void V9990BitmapConverter::convertLine(
        std::span<Pixel> dst, unsigned x, unsigned y,
        int cursorY, bool drawCursors)
{
        assert(dst.size() <= 1024);
 
        CursorInfo cursor0(vdp, vram, palette64_32768, 0x7fe00, 0x7ff00, cursorY, drawCursors);
        CursorInfo cursor1(vdp, vram, palette64_32768, 0x7fe08, 0x7ff80, cursorY, drawCursors);
 
        if (cursor0.isVisible() || cursor1.isVisible()) {
                // raster background into a temporary buffer
                std::array<uint16_t, 1024> buf;
                raster(colorMode, highRes,
                       IndexLookup(palette64_32768, palette256_32768),
                       vdp, vram,
                       subspan(buf, 0, dst.size()), x, y);
 
                // draw sprites in this buffer
                // TODO can be optimized
                // TODO probably goes wrong when startX != 0
                // TODO investigate dual palette in B4 and higher modes
                // TODO check X-roll behavior
                for (auto i : xrange(dst.size())) {
                        if (cursor0.dot()) {
                                if (cursor0.doXor) {
                                        buf[i] ^= 0x7fff;
                                } else {
                                        buf[i] = cursor0.color;
                                }
                        } else if (cursor1.dot()) {
                                if (cursor1.doXor) {
                                        buf[i] ^= 0x7fff;
                                } else {
                                        buf[i] = cursor1.color;
                                }
                        }
                        cursor0.shift();
                        cursor1.shift();
                        if ((cursor0.pattern == 0) && (cursor1.pattern == 0)) break;
                }
 
                // copy buffer to destination, translate from V9990 to host colors
                for (auto i : xrange(dst.size())) {
                        dst[i] = palette32768[buf[i]];
                }
        } else {
                // Optimization: no cursor(s) visible on this line, directly draw to destination
                raster(colorMode, highRes,
                       PaletteLookup<Pixel>(palette64, palette256, palette32768),
                       vdp, vram, dst, x, y);
        }
}
 
} // namespace openmsx