MSXMixer.cc

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#include "MSXMixer.hh"
#include "Mixer.hh"
#include "SoundDevice.hh"
#include "MSXMotherBoard.hh"
#include "MSXCommandController.hh"
#include "TclObject.hh"
#include "ThrottleManager.hh"
#include "GlobalSettings.hh"
#include "IntegerSetting.hh"
#include "StringSetting.hh"
#include "BooleanSetting.hh"
#include "CommandException.hh"
#include "AviRecorder.hh"
#include "Filename.hh"
#include "CliComm.hh"
#include "Math.hh"
#include "StringOp.hh"
#include "memory.hh"
#include "stl.hh"
#include "aligned.hh"
#include "outer.hh"
#include "unreachable.hh"
#include "vla.hh"
#include <algorithm>
#include <tuple>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstring>
#include <cassert>

#ifdef __SSE2__
#include "emmintrin.h"
#endif

using std::remove;
using std::string;
using std::vector;

namespace openmsx {

MSXMixer::MSXMixer(Mixer& mixer_, MSXMotherBoard& motherBoard_,
                   GlobalSettings& globalSettings)
        : Schedulable(motherBoard_.getScheduler())
        , mixer(mixer_)
        , motherBoard(motherBoard_)
        , commandController(motherBoard.getMSXCommandController())
        , masterVolume(mixer.getMasterVolume())
        , speedSetting(globalSettings.getSpeedSetting())
        , throttleManager(globalSettings.getThrottleManager())
        , prevTime(getCurrentTime(), 44100)
        , soundDeviceInfo(commandController.getMachineInfoCommand())
        , recorder(nullptr)
        , synchronousCounter(0)
{
        hostSampleRate = 44100;
        fragmentSize = 0;

        muteCount = 1;
        unmute(); // calls Mixer::registerMixer()

        reschedule2();

        masterVolume.attach(*this);
        speedSetting.attach(*this);
        throttleManager.attach(*this);
}

MSXMixer::~MSXMixer()
{
        if (recorder) {
                recorder->stop();
        }
        assert(infos.empty());

        throttleManager.detach(*this);
        speedSetting.detach(*this);
        masterVolume.detach(*this);

        mute(); // calls Mixer::unregisterMixer()
}

void MSXMixer::registerSound(SoundDevice& device, float volume,
                             int balance, unsigned numChannels)
{
        // TODO read volume/balance(mode) from config file
        const string& name = device.getName();
        SoundDeviceInfo info;
        info.device = &device;
        info.defaultVolume = volume;
        info.volumeSetting = make_unique<IntegerSetting>(
                commandController, name + "_volume",
                "the volume of this sound chip", 75, 0, 100);
        info.balanceSetting = make_unique<IntegerSetting>(
                commandController, name + "_balance",
                "the balance of this sound chip", balance, -100, 100);

        info.volumeSetting->attach(*this);
        info.balanceSetting->attach(*this);

        for (unsigned i = 0; i < numChannels; ++i) {
                SoundDeviceInfo::ChannelSettings channelSettings;
                string ch_name = StringOp::Builder() << name << "_ch" << i + 1;

                channelSettings.recordSetting = make_unique<StringSetting>(
                        commandController, ch_name + "_record",
                        "filename to record this channel to",
                        "", Setting::DONT_SAVE);
                channelSettings.recordSetting->attach(*this);

                channelSettings.muteSetting = make_unique<BooleanSetting>(
                        commandController, ch_name + "_mute",
                        "sets mute-status of individual sound channels",
                        false, Setting::DONT_SAVE);
                channelSettings.muteSetting->attach(*this);

                info.channelSettings.push_back(std::move(channelSettings));
        }

        device.setOutputRate(getSampleRate());
        infos.push_back(std::move(info));
        updateVolumeParams(infos.back());

        commandController.getCliComm().update(CliComm::SOUNDDEVICE, device.getName(), "add");
}

void MSXMixer::unregisterSound(SoundDevice& device)
{
        auto it = rfind_if_unguarded(infos,
                [&](const SoundDeviceInfo& i) { return i.device == &device; });
        it->volumeSetting->detach(*this);
        it->balanceSetting->detach(*this);
        for (auto& s : it->channelSettings) {
                s.recordSetting->detach(*this);
                s.muteSetting->detach(*this);
        }
        move_pop_back(infos, it);
        commandController.getCliComm().update(CliComm::SOUNDDEVICE, device.getName(), "remove");
}

void MSXMixer::setSynchronousMode(bool synchronous)
{
        // TODO ATM synchronous is not used anymore
        if (synchronous) {
                ++synchronousCounter;
                if (synchronousCounter == 1) {
                        setMixerParams(fragmentSize, hostSampleRate);
                }
        } else {
                assert(synchronousCounter > 0);
                --synchronousCounter;
                if (synchronousCounter == 0) {
                        setMixerParams(fragmentSize, hostSampleRate);
                }
        }
}

double MSXMixer::getEffectiveSpeed() const
{
        return synchronousCounter
             ? 1.0
             : speedSetting.getInt() / 100.0;
}

void MSXMixer::updateStream(EmuTime::param time)
{
        union {
                int16_t mixBuffer[8192 * 2];
                int32_t dummy1; // make sure mixBuffer is also 32-bit aligned
#ifdef __SSE2__
                __m128i dummy2; // and optionally also 128-bit
#endif
        };

        unsigned count = prevTime.getTicksTill(time);
        assert(count <= 8192);

        // call generate() even if count==0 and even if muted
        generate(mixBuffer, time, count);

        if (!muteCount && fragmentSize) {
                mixer.uploadBuffer(*this, mixBuffer, count);
        }

        if (recorder) {
                recorder->addWave(count, mixBuffer);
        }

        prevTime += count;
}


// Various (inner) loops that multiply one buffer by a constant and add the
// result to a second buffer. Either buffer can be mono or stereo, so if
// necessary the mono buffer is expanded to stereo. It's possible the
// accumulation buffer is still empty (as-if it contains zeros), in that case
// we skip the accumulation step.

// buf[0:n] *= f
static inline void mul(int32_t* buf, int n, int f)
{
#ifdef __arm__
        // ARM assembly version
        int32_t dummy1, dummy2;
        asm volatile (
        "0:\n\t"
                "ldmia  %[buf],{r3-r6}\n\t"
                "mul    r3,%[f],r3\n\t"
                "mul    r4,%[f],r4\n\t"
                "mul    r5,%[f],r5\n\t"
                "mul    r6,%[f],r6\n\t"
                "stmia  %[buf]!,{r3-r6}\n\t"
                "subs   %[n],%[n],#4\n\t"
                "bgt    0b\n\t"
                : [buf] "=r"    (dummy1)
                , [n]   "=r"    (dummy2)
                :       "[buf]" (buf)
                ,       "[n]"   (n)
                , [f]   "r"     (f)
                : "memory", "r3","r4","r5","r6"
        );
        return;
#endif

        // C++ version, unrolled 4x,
        //   this allows gcc/clang to do much better auto-vectorization
        // Note that this can process upto 3 samples too many, but that's OK.
        assume_SSE_aligned(buf);
        int i = 0;
        do {
                buf[i + 0] *= f;
                buf[i + 1] *= f;
                buf[i + 2] *= f;
                buf[i + 3] *= f;
                i += 4;
        } while (i < n);
}

// acc[0:n] += mul[0:n] * f
static inline void mulAcc(
        int32_t* __restrict acc, const int32_t* __restrict mul, int n, int f)
{
#ifdef __arm__
        // ARM assembly version
        int32_t dummy1, dummy2, dummy3;
        asm volatile (
        "0:\n\t"
                "ldmia  %[in]!,{r3,r4,r5,r6}\n\t"
                "ldmia  %[out],{r8,r9,r10,r12}\n\t"
                "mla    r3,%[f],r3,r8\n\t"
                "mla    r4,%[f],r4,r9\n\t"
                "mla    r5,%[f],r5,r10\n\t"
                "mla    r6,%[f],r6,r12\n\t"
                "stmia  %[out]!,{r3,r4,r5,r6}\n\t"
                "subs   %[n],%[n],#4\n\t"
                "bgt    0b\n\t"
                : [in]  "=r"    (dummy1)
                , [out] "=r"    (dummy2)
                , [n]   "=r"    (dummy3)
                :       "[in]"  (mul)
                ,       "[out]" (acc)
                ,       "[n]"   (n)
                , [f]   "r"     (f)
                : "memory"
                , "r3","r4","r5","r6"
                , "r8","r9","r10","r12"
        );
        return;
#endif

        // C++ version, unrolled 4x, see comments above.
        assume_SSE_aligned(acc);
        assume_SSE_aligned(mul);
        int i = 0;
        do {
                acc[i + 0] += mul[i + 0] * f;
                acc[i + 1] += mul[i + 1] * f;
                acc[i + 2] += mul[i + 2] * f;
                acc[i + 3] += mul[i + 3] * f;
                i += 4;
        } while (i < n);
}

// buf[0:2n+0:2] = buf[0:n] * l
// buf[1:2n+1:2] = buf[0:n] * r
static inline void mulExpand(int32_t* buf, int n, int l, int r)
{
        int i = n;
        do {
                --i; // back-to-front
                auto t = buf[i];
                buf[2 * i + 0] = l * t;
                buf[2 * i + 1] = r * t;
        } while (i != 0);
}

// acc[0:2n+0:2] += mul[0:n] * l
// acc[1:2n+1:2] += mul[0:n] * r
static inline void mulExpandAcc(
        int32_t* __restrict acc, const int32_t* __restrict mul, int n,
        int l, int r)
{
        int i = 0;
        do {
                auto t = mul[i];
                acc[2 * i + 0] += l * t;
                acc[2 * i + 1] += r * t;
        } while (++i < n);
}

// buf[0:2n+0:2] = buf[0:2n+0:2] * l1 + buf[1:2n+1:2] * l2
// buf[1:2n+1:2] = buf[0:2n+0:2] * r1 + buf[1:2n+1:2] * r2
static inline void mulMix2(int32_t* buf, int n, int l1, int l2, int r1, int r2)
{
        int i = 0;
        do {
                auto t1 = buf[2 * i + 0];
                auto t2 = buf[2 * i + 1];
                buf[2 * i + 0] = l1 * t1 + l2 * t2;
                buf[2 * i + 1] = r1 * t1 + r2 * t2;
        } while (++i < n);
}

// acc[0:2n+0:2] += mul[0:2n+0:2] * l1 + mul[1:2n+1:2] * l2
// acc[1:2n+1:2] += mul[0:2n+0:2] * r1 + mul[1:2n+1:2] * r2
static inline void mulMix2Acc(
        int32_t* __restrict acc, const int32_t* __restrict mul, int n,
        int l1, int l2, int r1, int r2)
{
        int i = 0;
        do {
                auto t1 = mul[2 * i + 0];
                auto t2 = mul[2 * i + 1];
                acc[2 * i + 0] += l1 * t1 + l2 * t2;
                acc[2 * i + 1] += r1 * t1 + r2 * t2;
        } while (++i < n);
}


// DC removal filter routines:
//
//  formula:
//     y(n) = x(n) - x(n-1) + R * y(n-1)
//  implemented as:
//     t1 = R * t0 + x(n)    mathematically equivalent, has
//     y(n) = t1 - t0        the same number of operations but
//     t0 = t1               requires only one state variable
//    see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_filter#Direct_Form_I
//  with:
//     R = 1 - (2*pi * cut-off-frequency / samplerate)
//  we take R = 511/512
//   44100Hz --> cutt-off freq = 14Hz
//   22050Hz                     7Hz
// Note: the input still needs to be divided by 512 (because of balance-
//       multiplication), can be done together with the above division.

// No new input, previous output was (non-zero) mono.
static inline int32_t filterMonoNull(int32_t t0, int16_t* out, int n)
{
        assert(n > 0);
        int i = 0;
        do {
                int32_t t1 = (511 * int64_t(t0)) >> 9;
                auto s = Math::clipIntToShort(t1 - t0);
                t0 = t1;
                out[2 * i + 0] = s;
                out[2 * i + 1] = s;
        } while (++i < n);
        return t0;
}

// No new input, previous output was (non-zero) stereo.
static inline std::tuple<int32_t, int32_t> filterStereoNull(
        int32_t tl0, int32_t tr0, int16_t* out, int n)
{
        assert(n > 0);
        int i = 0;
        do {
                int32_t tl1 = (511 * int64_t(tl0)) >> 9;
                int32_t tr1 = (511 * int64_t(tr0)) >> 9;
                out[2 * i + 0] = Math::clipIntToShort(tl1 - tl0);
                out[2 * i + 1] = Math::clipIntToShort(tr1 - tr0);
                tl0 = tl1;
                tr0 = tr1;
        } while (++i < n);
        return std::make_tuple(tl0, tr0);
}

// New input is mono, previous output was also mono.
static inline int32_t filterMonoMono(int32_t t0, void* buf, int n)
{
        assert(n > 0);
        const auto* in  = static_cast<const int32_t*>(buf);
              auto* out = static_cast<      int16_t*>(buf);
        int i = 0;
        do {
                int32_t t1 = (511 * int64_t(t0) + in[i]) >> 9;
                auto s = Math::clipIntToShort(t1 - t0);
                t0 = t1;
                out[2 * i + 0] = s;
                out[2 * i + 1] = s;
        } while (++i < n);
        return t0;
}

// New input is mono, previous output was stereo
static inline std::tuple<int32_t, int32_t> filterStereoMono(
        int32_t tl0, int32_t tr0, void* buf, int n)
{
        assert(n > 0);
        const auto* in  = static_cast<const int32_t*>(buf);
              auto* out = static_cast<      int16_t*>(buf);
        int i = 0;
        do {
                auto x = in[i];
                int32_t tl1 = (511 * int64_t(tl0) + x) >> 9;
                int32_t tr1 = (511 * int64_t(tr0) + x) >> 9;
                out[2 * i + 0] = Math::clipIntToShort(tl1 - tl0);
                out[2 * i + 1] = Math::clipIntToShort(tr1 - tr0);
                tl0 = tl1;
                tr0 = tr1;
        } while (++i < n);
        return std::make_tuple(tl0, tr0);
}

// New input is stereo, (previous output either mono/stereo)
static inline std::tuple<int32_t, int32_t> filterStereoStereo(
        int32_t tl0, int32_t tr0, const int32_t* in, int16_t* out, int n)
{
        assert(n > 0);
        int i = 0;
        do {
                int32_t tl1 = (511 * int64_t(tl0) + in[2 * i + 0]) >> 9;
                int32_t tr1 = (511 * int64_t(tr0) + in[2 * i + 1]) >> 9;
                out[2 * i + 0] = Math::clipIntToShort(tl1 - tl0);
                out[2 * i + 1] = Math::clipIntToShort(tr1 - tr0);
                tl0 = tl1;
                tr0 = tr1;
        } while (++i < n);
        return std::make_tuple(tl0, tr0);
}

// We have both mono and stereo input (and produce stereo output)
static inline std::tuple<int32_t, int32_t> filterBothStereo(
        int32_t tl0, int32_t tr0, const int32_t* inS, void* buf, int n)
{
        assert(n > 0);
        const auto* inM = static_cast<const int32_t*>(buf);
              auto* out = static_cast<      int16_t*>(buf);
        int i = 0;
        do {
                auto m = inM[i];
                int32_t tl1 = (511 * int64_t(tl0) + inS[2 * i + 0] + m) >> 9;
                int32_t tr1 = (511 * int64_t(tr0) + inS[2 * i + 1] + m) >> 9;
                out[2 * i + 0] = Math::clipIntToShort(tl1 - tl0);
                out[2 * i + 1] = Math::clipIntToShort(tr1 - tr0);
                tl0 = tl1;
                tr0 = tr1;
        } while (++i < n);
        return std::make_tuple(tl0, tr0);
}


void MSXMixer::generate(int16_t* output, EmuTime::param time, unsigned samples)
{
        // The code below is specialized for a lot of cases (before this
        // routine was _much_ shorter). This is done because this routine
        // ends up relatively high (top 5) in a profile run.
        // After these specialization this routine runs about two times
        // faster for the common cases (mono output or no sound at all).
        // In total emulation time this gave a speedup of about 2%.

        // When samples==0, call updateBuffer() but skip all further processing
        // (handling this as a special case allows to simplify the code below).
        if (samples == 0) {
                SSE_ALIGNED(int32_t dummyBuf[4]);
                for (auto& info : infos) {
                        info.device->updateBuffer(0, dummyBuf, time);
                }
                return;
        }

        // +3 to allow processing samples in groups of 4 (and upto 3 samples
        // more than requested).
        VLA_SSE_ALIGNED(int32_t, stereoBuf, 2 * samples + 3);
        VLA_SSE_ALIGNED(int32_t, tmpBuf,    2 * samples + 3);
        // reuse 'output' as temporary storage
        auto* monoBuf = reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(output);

        static const unsigned HAS_MONO_FLAG = 1;
        static const unsigned HAS_STEREO_FLAG = 2;
        unsigned usedBuffers = 0;

        // FIXME: The Infos should be ordered such that all the mono
        // devices are handled first
        for (auto& info : infos) {
                SoundDevice& device = *info.device;
                int l1 = info.left1;
                int r1 = info.right1;
                if (!device.isStereo()) {
                        if (l1 == r1) {
                                if (!(usedBuffers & HAS_MONO_FLAG)) {
                                        if (device.updateBuffer(samples, monoBuf, time)) {
                                                usedBuffers |= HAS_MONO_FLAG;
                                                mul(monoBuf, samples, l1);
                                        }
                                } else {
                                        if (device.updateBuffer(samples, tmpBuf, time)) {
                                                mulAcc(monoBuf, tmpBuf, samples, l1);
                                        }
                                }
                        } else {
                                if (!(usedBuffers & HAS_STEREO_FLAG)) {
                                        if (device.updateBuffer(samples, stereoBuf, time)) {
                                                usedBuffers |= HAS_STEREO_FLAG;
                                                mulExpand(stereoBuf, samples, l1, r1);
                                        }
                                } else {
                                        if (device.updateBuffer(samples, tmpBuf, time)) {
                                                mulExpandAcc(stereoBuf, tmpBuf, samples, l1, r1);
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                } else {
                        int l2 = info.left2;
                        int r2 = info.right2;
                        if (l1 == r2) {
                                assert(l2 == 0);
                                assert(r1 == 0);
                                if (!(usedBuffers & HAS_STEREO_FLAG)) {
                                        if (device.updateBuffer(samples, stereoBuf, time)) {
                                                usedBuffers |= HAS_STEREO_FLAG;
                                                mul(stereoBuf, 2 * samples, l1);
                                        }
                                } else {
                                        if (device.updateBuffer(samples, tmpBuf, time)) {
                                                mulAcc(stereoBuf, tmpBuf, 2 * samples, l1);
                                        }
                                }
                        } else {
                                if (!(usedBuffers & HAS_STEREO_FLAG)) {
                                        if (device.updateBuffer(samples, stereoBuf, time)) {
                                                usedBuffers |= HAS_STEREO_FLAG;
                                                mulMix2(stereoBuf, samples, l1, l2, r1, r2);
                                        }
                                } else {
                                        if (device.updateBuffer(samples, tmpBuf, time)) {
                                                mulMix2Acc(stereoBuf, tmpBuf, samples, l1, l2, r1, r2);
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                }
        }

        // DC removal filter
        switch (usedBuffers) {
        case 0: // no new input
                if (tl0 == tr0) {
                        if ((-511 <= tl0) && (tl0 <= 0)) {
                                // Output was zero, new input is zero,
                                // after DC-filter output will still be zero.
                                memset(output, 0, 2 * samples * sizeof(int16_t));
                                tl0 = tr0 = 0;
                        } else {
                                // Output was not zero, but it was the same left and right.
                                tl0 = filterMonoNull(tl0, output, samples);
                                tr0 = tl0;
                        }
                } else {
                        std::tie(tl0, tr0) = filterStereoNull(tl0, tr0, output, samples);
                }
                break;

        case HAS_MONO_FLAG: // only mono
                assert(static_cast<void*>(monoBuf) == static_cast<void*>(output));
                if (tl0 == tr0) {
                        // previous output was also mono
                        tl0 = filterMonoMono(tl0, output, samples);
                        tr0 = tl0;
                } else {
                        // previous output was stereo, rarely triggers but needed for correctness
                        std::tie(tl0, tr0) = filterStereoMono(tl0, tr0, output, samples);
                }
                break;

        case HAS_STEREO_FLAG: // only stereo
                std::tie(tl0, tr0) = filterStereoStereo(tl0, tr0, stereoBuf, output, samples);
                break;

        default: // mono + stereo
                assert(static_cast<void*>(monoBuf) == static_cast<void*>(output));
                std::tie(tl0, tr0) = filterBothStereo(tl0, tr0, stereoBuf, output, samples);
        }
}

bool MSXMixer::needStereoRecording() const
{
        return any_of(begin(infos), end(infos),
                [](const SoundDeviceInfo& info) {
                        return info.device->isStereo() ||
                               info.balanceSetting->getInt() != 0; });
}

void MSXMixer::mute()
{
        if (muteCount == 0) {
                mixer.unregisterMixer(*this);
        }
        ++muteCount;
}

void MSXMixer::unmute()
{
        --muteCount;
        if (muteCount == 0) {
                tl0 = tr0 = 0;
                mixer.registerMixer(*this);
        }
}

void MSXMixer::reInit()
{
        prevTime.reset(getCurrentTime());
        prevTime.setFreq(hostSampleRate / getEffectiveSpeed());
        reschedule();
}
void MSXMixer::reschedule()
{
        removeSyncPoints();
        reschedule2();
}
void MSXMixer::reschedule2()
{
        unsigned size = (!muteCount && fragmentSize) ? fragmentSize : 512;
        setSyncPoint(prevTime.getFastAdd(size));
}

void MSXMixer::setMixerParams(unsigned newFragmentSize, unsigned newSampleRate)
{
        // TODO old code checked that values did actually change,
        //      investigate if this optimization is worth it
        hostSampleRate = newSampleRate;
        fragmentSize = newFragmentSize;

        reInit(); // must come before call to setOutputRate()

        for (auto& info : infos) {
                info.device->setOutputRate(newSampleRate);
        }
}

void MSXMixer::setRecorder(AviRecorder* newRecorder)
{
        if ((recorder != nullptr) != (newRecorder != nullptr)) {
                setSynchronousMode(newRecorder != nullptr);
        }
        recorder = newRecorder;
}

void MSXMixer::update(const Setting& setting)
{
        if (&setting == &masterVolume) {
                updateMasterVolume();
        } else if (&setting == &speedSetting) {
                if (synchronousCounter == 0) {
                        setMixerParams(fragmentSize, hostSampleRate);
                } else {
                        // Avoid calling reInit() while recording because
                        // each call causes a small hiccup in the sound (and
                        // while recording this call anyway has no effect).
                        // This was noticable while sliding the speed slider
                        // in catapult (becuase this causes many changes in
                        // the speed setting).
                }
        } else if (dynamic_cast<const IntegerSetting*>(&setting)) {
                auto it = find_if_unguarded(infos,
                        [&](const SoundDeviceInfo& i) {
                                return (i.volumeSetting .get() == &setting) ||
                                       (i.balanceSetting.get() == &setting); });
                updateVolumeParams(*it);
        } else if (dynamic_cast<const StringSetting*>(&setting)) {
                changeRecordSetting(setting);
        } else if (dynamic_cast<const BooleanSetting*>(&setting)) {
                changeMuteSetting(setting);
        } else {
                UNREACHABLE;
        }
}

void MSXMixer::changeRecordSetting(const Setting& setting)
{
        for (auto& info : infos) {
                unsigned channel = 0;
                for (auto& s : info.channelSettings) {
                        if (s.recordSetting.get() == &setting) {
                                info.device->recordChannel(
                                        channel,
                                        Filename(s.recordSetting->getString().str()));
                                return;
                        }
                        ++channel;
                }
        }
        UNREACHABLE;
}

void MSXMixer::changeMuteSetting(const Setting& setting)
{
        for (auto& info : infos) {
                unsigned channel = 0;
                for (auto& s : info.channelSettings) {
                        if (s.muteSetting.get() == &setting) {
                                info.device->muteChannel(
                                        channel, s.muteSetting->getBoolean());
                                return;
                        }
                        ++channel;
                }
        }
        UNREACHABLE;
}

void MSXMixer::update(const ThrottleManager& /*throttleManager*/)
{
        //reInit();
        // TODO Should this be removed?
}

void MSXMixer::updateVolumeParams(SoundDeviceInfo& info)
{
        int mVolume = masterVolume.getInt();
        int dVolume = info.volumeSetting->getInt();
        float volume = info.defaultVolume * mVolume * dVolume / (100.0f * 100.0f);
        int balance = info.balanceSetting->getInt();
        float l1, r1, l2, r2;
        if (info.device->isStereo()) {
                if (balance < 0) {
                        float b = (balance + 100.0f) / 100.0f;
                        l1 = volume;
                        r1 = 0.0f;
                        l2 = volume * sqrtf(std::max(0.0f, 1.0f - b));
                        r2 = volume * sqrtf(std::max(0.0f,        b));
                } else {
                        float b = balance / 100.0f;
                        l1 = volume * sqrtf(std::max(0.0f, 1.0f - b));
                        r1 = volume * sqrtf(std::max(0.0f,        b));
                        l2 = 0.0f;
                        r2 = volume;
                }
        } else {
                // make sure that in case of rounding errors
                // we don't take sqrt() of negative numbers
                float b = (balance + 100.0f) / 200.0f;
                l1 = volume * sqrtf(std::max(0.0f, 1.0f - b));
                r1 = volume * sqrtf(std::max(0.0f,        b));
                l2 = r2 = 0.0f; // dummy
        }
        // 512 (9 bits) because in the DC filter we also have a factor 512, and
        // using the same allows to fold both (later) divisions into one.
        int amp = 512 * info.device->getAmplificationFactor();
        info.left1  = int(l1 * amp);
        info.right1 = int(r1 * amp);
        info.left2  = int(l2 * amp);
        info.right2 = int(r2 * amp);
}

void MSXMixer::updateMasterVolume()
{
        for (auto& p : infos) {
                updateVolumeParams(p);
        }
}

void MSXMixer::executeUntil(EmuTime::param time)
{
        updateStream(time);
        reschedule2();

        // This method gets called very regularly, typically 44100/512 = 86x
        // per second (even if sound is muted and even with sound_driver=null).
        // This rate is constant in real-time (compared to e.g. the VDP sync
        // points that are constant in emutime). So we can use this to
        // regularly exit from the main CPU emulation loop. Without this there
        // were problems like described in 'bug#563 Console very slow when
        // setting speed to low values like 1'.
        motherBoard.exitCPULoopSync();
}


// Sound device info

SoundDevice* MSXMixer::findDevice(string_ref name) const
{
        auto it = find_if(begin(infos), end(infos),
                [&](const SoundDeviceInfo& i) {
                        return i.device->getName() == name; });
        return (it != end(infos)) ? it->device : nullptr;
}

MSXMixer::SoundDeviceInfoTopic::SoundDeviceInfoTopic(
                InfoCommand& machineInfoCommand)
        : InfoTopic(machineInfoCommand, "sounddevice")
{
}

void MSXMixer::SoundDeviceInfoTopic::execute(
        array_ref<TclObject> tokens, TclObject& result) const
{
        auto& msxMixer = OUTER(MSXMixer, soundDeviceInfo);
        switch (tokens.size()) {
        case 2:
                for (auto& info : msxMixer.infos) {
                        result.addListElement(info.device->getName());
                }
                break;
        case 3: {
                SoundDevice* device = msxMixer.findDevice(tokens[2].getString());
                if (!device) {
                        throw CommandException("Unknown sound device");
                }
                result.setString(device->getDescription());
                break;
        }
        default:
                throw CommandException("Too many parameters");
        }
}

string MSXMixer::SoundDeviceInfoTopic::help(const vector<string>& /*tokens*/) const
{
        return "Shows a list of available sound devices.\n";
}

void MSXMixer::SoundDeviceInfoTopic::tabCompletion(vector<string>& tokens) const
{
        if (tokens.size() == 3) {
                vector<string_ref> devices;
                auto& msxMixer = OUTER(MSXMixer, soundDeviceInfo);
                for (auto& info : msxMixer.infos) {
                        devices.push_back(info.device->getName());
                }
                completeString(tokens, devices);
        }
}

} // namespace openmsx